Lesson 12 Blood Vessels Flashcards
What is the pathway of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava? (deoxygenated blood)
Vena cava > Right Atrium > Tricuspid valve **> **Right Ventricle > Pulmonaary valve > Pulmonary artery > Lungs
What is the pathway of blood flow of oxygenated blood through the heart starting with lungs?
lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > bicuspid valve/mitral > left ventricle > aortic valve –>aorta
What is the definition of endothelium?
A single layer of simple squamous epithelium cells found lining the heart cavity.
2
What functions do vascular smooth muscle perform?
Think constriction and dialtion
they Can contract/constrict (vasoconstriction) and dilate/relax (vasodilation).
Very Important in regulating blood flow and pressure through their contraction and relaxation
What are the main characteristics of arteries?
think thin or thick muscle?
what kind of tisssue?
durable or not?
Thick layer of smooth muscle, a lot of connective tissue, can handle a lot of pressure.
What are the main characteristics of capillaries?
Function?
think size: big, large, small?
Their function? exchange of what and what
Smallest and thinnest vessels, important for gas exchange and exchange of materials between blood and tissues.
What are the main characteristics of veins?
rigid or malliable?
how much blood do they hold?
returns blood to?
Can stretch easily, holds more than half of circulating blood, returns blood to the heart.
What percentage of blood is in systemic circulation?
84%
What percentage of blood is in pulmonary circulation?
holds the moderate amount %wise
9%
What percentage of blood is in the heart?
think holds the least amount of%
7%
What is systolic blood pressure?
always high because of constriction
The ‘top number’ produced during the heart’s contraction phase.
What is considered a Normal systolic blood pressue reading?
less than 120 mmHg
What is considered a Normal diastolic blood pressue reading?
less than 80 mmHg
What is diastolic blood pressure?
The ‘bottom number’ created during the relaxation phase.
What is pulse pressure and how is it calculated?
think sys-dias
The strength of the pressure wave, calculated by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.
What is the normal value for pulse pressure?
think half of Diastolic pressure value
40 mm Hg.
What device is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmanometer/cuff
can be manual or automatic
What is characterized as laminar blood flow?
think: normal vs abnormal? sound is it loud or quiet.
Normal, quiet, and smooth blood flow.
What is considered turbulent blood flow?
think: immediately when the cuff is released and sudden blood flow
When the artery opens and blood begins to flow, not very clear and has a thudding sound.
What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
what controls how blood flows
The driving force for blood flow.
What factors influence mean arterial pressure?
C—– O—–P
P—– R——-
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
What is the sensor in the baroreceptor reflex for blood pressure regulation?
answer is in the question.
Baroreceptors.
What is the integrating center in the baroreceptor reflex?
part of the brain with intitials M—— O—–
Medulla Oblangata: Cardiac regulatory centers in the brain.
What are the effectors in the baroreceptor reflex?
a part of the nervous system
Autonomic nervous system.
