Lesson 11 The heart

Question 1

What are the 4 main functions of the cardiovascular system?

T—- of R—- G—
D— N—
R—-
P——-

Answer 1

• Transport respiratory gases
• Deliver nutrients
• Regulation
• Protection

These functions are essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting cellular activities.

Question 2

Blood flow is driven by _______ and opposed by _______.

Answer 2

• pressure
• Resistance

Question 3

Why is understanding the dynamics of pressure and resistance important?

Think pressure and resistance as it relates to blood movement

Answer 3

it helps us understand and comprehend blood circulation.

Question 4

Resistance is _____ related to vessel length and blood viscosity.

Answer 4

Directly

This relationship implies that as vessel length or viscosity increases, resistance to blood flow also increases.

Question 5

Resistance is _____ related to vessel radius.

Answer 5

inversely

A smaller vessel radius leads to higher resistance, thus affecting blood flow.

Question 6

Vasoconstriction of the vessel will ___ blood flow.

Think contricted=limited

Answer 6

decrease

Vasoconstriction narrows the vessel diameter, increasing resistance and reducing blood flow.

Question 7

Vasodilation of the vessel will ___ blood flow.

think dialation=relaxed=no limitation

Answer 7

increase

Vasodilation widens/relaxes the vessel diameter, decreasing resistance and promoting blood flow.

Question 8

Deoxygenated Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava into _______.

Answer 8

Right Atrium

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Question 9

After the right atrium, blood flows through the _______ and into the _______.

Answer 9

• tricuspid valve
• right ventricle

Question 10

What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 10

prevent backflow from the right ventricle to right atrium.
.
.
prevents backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 11

Blood is sent into pulmonary circulation through the _______.

Answer 11

pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 12

After passing through the pulmonary capillaries, blood returns to the heart via the _______.

Answer 12

pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 13

O2 rich Blood enters the heart through _______ into _______ blank from the _______.

Answer 13

Through pulmonary veins
into left Atrium
from lungs

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 14

Blood travels from the left atrium through the _______ into the _______.

Answer 14

• bicuspid valve
• left ventricle

The bicuspid valve prevents backflow during ventricular contraction.

Question 15

Blood enters systemic circulation through the _______.

Answer 15

aorta

The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Question 16

The function of the heart valves is to _______.

Answer 16

prevent backflow of blood

This ensures unidirectional flow during the cardiac cycle.

Question 17

The tricuspid valve is located between the _______ and _______.

Answer 17

• right atria
• right ventricle

This valve plays a critical role in directing blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.

Question 18

The bicuspid valve is also known as the _______ valve.

Answer 18

mitral

The mitral valve is essential for regulating blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Question 19

Cardiac output is defined as _______.

Answer 19

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per given time.
or
Blood volume pumped per ventricle per unit time

Question 20

What is a vital measure of heart performance? or how do we know the heart is functioning properly??

Answer 20

Cardiac output

Question 21

The main factors affecting cardiac output are H—-R_______ and _S—-V______.

Answer 21

• heart rate
• stroke volume

These factors interact to determine the amount of blood pumped by the heart.

Question 22

The equation for stroke volume is _______.

Answer 22

EDV - ESV

End Diastolic Volume minus End Systolic Volume calculates the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle.

Question 23

The SA Node is known as the _______ of the heart.

Think Peacemaker***

Answer 23

pacemaker

The SA Node initiates the electrical impulses that regulate heart rhythm.

Question 24

The conductive pathway for the heart includes _______.

Think
P
Q C
T

Answer 24

• P-wave
• QRS Complex
• T-wave

These waveforms represent different phases of the cardiac cycle on an ECG.

Question 25

The P wave represents _______ of the atria.

Answer 25

depolarization of the atria

This phase corresponds to the electrical activation of the atria.

Question 26

The T wave represents _______ of the ventricles.

Answer 26

repolarization of the ventricles

This phase indicates the recovery of the ventricles after contraction.

Question 27

The QRS complex represents _______ of the ventricles.

Answer 27

depolarization of the ventricles

This phase corresponds to the electrical activation of the ventricles.

Question 28

Explain the flow of Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer 28

Vena cava
Right Atrium
triscupid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
lung

Question 29

explain the flow of oxygenated blood back to the heart and out to the body

Answer 29

lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta then to rest of the body