Lesson 1.1 Negative Effect of Pest to Crop

Question 1

They are the primary cause
of crop losses among the biotic factors of the environment.

Answer 1

(insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses,
nematodes, vertebrate pests, and weeds)

Question 2

a fungal-like
organism. It caused a famine that led to the deaths and migration
of Europeans (mostly Irish) to the US, Canada and Australia.

Answer 2

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans)

Question 3

that caused the great Bengal famine in India
during World War II;

Answer 3

Rice brown leaf (Helminthosporium oryzae)

Question 4

epidemic caused by Puccinia
graminis tritici;

Answer 4

Wheat rust

Question 5

(Diabrotica virgifera
virgifera) common name

Answer 5

Western corn rootworm

Question 6

caused by
Microcyclus ulei; Colorado potato beetle and
mountain pine beetle

Answer 6

South American rubber blight

Question 7

Crop that has higher Estimates of actual losses of major crops (%) due to pests
worldwide from 2001-2003 (Modified from Oerke, 2006)

Answer 7

Rice 10.2 (15.1 animal pest)12.2 37.5
Potatoes 8.3 10.9 (21.1diseases) 40.3

Question 8

Type of Damage that Pests do to Crops

Answer 8

Direct injury and
Indirect injury

Question 9

(includes direct physical damage to the crop, which
eats leaves or burrows in stems, fruits, or roots);

Answer 9

A. direct injury

Question 10

includes introduction or transmission of a bacterial,
viral, or fungal infection into a crop.

Answer 10

Indirect damage

Question 11

feeding on roots that cause rotting of the
roots by plant fungi and bacteria;

Answer 11

Nematodes

Question 12

Rotting of seeds is cause by

Answer 12

Fungal and bacterial pathogens

Question 13

Rotting of seeds is cause by

Answer 13

Fungal and bacterial pathogens

Question 14

Postharvest losses causing dry rots and soft rot

Answer 14

insects such as weevils and
borers and plant pathogens

Question 15

Molds that produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxin fumonisin, These toxins are reported to
be carcinogenic to man, and
• Many other different kinds of damage.

Answer 15

aflatoxin of Aspergillus flavus
and fumonisin of Fusarium sp.

Question 16

disease
caused by the Banana and
Abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV
and BBTV)

Answer 16

Banana bunchy top

Question 17

disease
caused by Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp cubense

Answer 17

Fusarium wilt/Panama

Question 18

Disease
Bacterial wilt
caused by
Ralstonia
solanacearum

Answer 18

Moko Disease

Question 19

disease caused by rice
tungro bacilliform virus and rice tungro
spherical virus

Answer 19

Rice tungro

Question 20

A pest who transmits virus disease to rice that causes tungro disease.

Answer 20

Green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens)

Question 21

Causal organism of Bacterial blight of rice

Answer 21

caused by
Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae

Question 22

Causal organism of Sheath blight of rice?

Answer 22

Rhizoctonia solani

Question 23

Causal organism of coconut cadang cadang?

Answer 23

Viroids

Question 24

Causal organism of Coconut bud rot

Answer 24

Phytophthora palmivora