Lesson 11—Manage File Systems and Storage

Question 1

What do you call the process of applying logic to storage in the form of partitions, containers, and
volumes?

Answer 1

Formatting is the process of applying logic to storage in the form of partitions, containers, and volumes.

Question 2

What are two APFS volume roles with macOS Big Sur?

Answer 2

macOS Big Sur uses these two APFS volume roles:
• APFS System—A read-only volume for the operating system
• APFS Data—A read-write volume for user data

Question 3

What new layer of security does macOS Big Sur use to add cryptographic validation of the APFS
System volume?

Answer 3

macOS Big Sur introduces the concept of a signed system volume (SSV).

Question 4

What is the default partition scheme that Mac computers use?

Answer 4

GUID Partition Map (GPT) is the default partition scheme that Mac computers use.

Question 5

Which major volume formats does macOS Big Sur support?

Answer 5

macOS Big Sur supports these major volume formats:
• APFS—The macOS Big Sur default.
• Mac OS Extended—Used with and before macOS High Sierra. Also known as HFS Plus.
• FAT—A legacy volume format used by Windows PCs.
• ExFAT—Created specifically for flash storage drives larger than 32 GB.
• NTFS—Recent versions of Windows use this as their default native volume format. macOS can read
but can’t write to or start up from NTFS volumes.

Question 6

What are some of the advantages of APFS?

Answer 6

APFS advantages include making common operations such as copying files and directories
instantaneous, helping protect data from power outages and system crashes, and keeping files safe and
secure with native encryption.

Question 7

What are the seven ways you can unmount and eject a volume or disk from the Finder?

Answer 7

You can use these seven methods to unmount and eject a volume or disk in the Finder:
• Drag the disk icon to the Trash icon in the Dock.
• In the Finder sidebar, click the small Eject button next to the volume you want to unmount and eject.
• Select the disk you want to unmount and eject, go to the menu bar, and choose File > Eject.
• Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, then choose File > Eject [diskname].
• Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, then use the Command-E keyboard shortcut.
• Select the volume you want to unmount and eject, Control-click, then choose Eject [diskname] from
the shortcut menu.
• Select the disk you want to unmount and eject, click the Action button in the Finder window toolbar
(it looks like a gear), and then choose Eject [diskname].

Question 8

Which two built-in macOS Big Sur apps can you use to gather information about storage devices?

Answer 8

You can use both Disk Utility and System Information to gather information about storage devices.

Question 9

What does the Disk Utility First Aid feature do?

Answer 9

The Disk Utility First Aid feature verifies and repairs the partition scheme and volume directory
structures.