Lesson 11 Flashcards
What is leadership?
the act of influencing others to work towards a goal
What are informal leaders?
they are people without a formal position of authority but demonstrate leadership by influencing others through personal forms of power
What are the big 5 personality traits?
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What is general mental ability?
- IQ, a person emerging as a leader within a group
- high mental abilities
What is emotional intelligence (EQ)?
- effective leaders have this
- demonstrate high level of self-awareness, motivation, empathy, social skills
What is the difference between effective and ineffective leaders?
their ability to control their own emotions and understand others emotions, their internal motivation and their social skills
Out of the 5 big personality traits, which one has the strongest relationship with both leader emergence and effectivness?
extraversion
Define self esteem?
degree to which a person is at peace with oneself, overall positive assessment of ones self worth and capabilities
People with high self esteem have greater levels of….
self-confidence
What do people have that are effective leaders?
moral compass and demonstrate honesty and integrity
What are 2 broad categories of behaviours when dealing with leadership?
- task oriented behaviours- initiating structure
- people oriented behaviours- consideration
What does task oriented leader behaviours involve?
structuring the roles of subordinates, provide instructions, and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group.
What are task-oriented behaviors?
are directives given to employees to get things done and to ensure that organizational goals are met.
What does people oriented leader behaviours include? (3)
- showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect
- genuinely care about well-being of employees
- demonstrate their concern in their actions and decisions.
What is a problem with high levels of task oriented behaviours?
may cause burnout
In small companies, how are task oriented behaviours found to be?
more effective than in bigger companies
What does authoritarian decision making mean?
leaders make decisions alone without involving employees
What does democratic decision making mean?
employees participate in the making of the decision
What does laissez-faire decision making mean?
leave employees alone to make the decision, minimal guidance and involvement
When do employees tend to be more satisfied?
when more democratic or participative styles are used
What are the disadvantages of the laissez-faire decision making?
- creates high levels of ambiguity and more conflict
What is the Fiedler’s Contingency Model?
- earliest and most influential theory
- leaders style is measured by a scale, called Least Preferred Coworker Scale (LPC)
What does having a high LPC score mean?
you hate working with someone, but you still like them
- people oriented personality- separate liking from ability to work with
What does having a low LPC score mean?
you hate working with someone and you do not like them on a personal level
- task oriented person
What is the situational leadership approach?
argues that leaders must use different leadership styles depending on their followers developmental level
Give an example of how the leadership approach works
when employees start working, they are highly committed but low on competence, so leaders need to be directive and less supportive
when employees have been around they become more competent, and leaders should engage in more coaching behaviours
What is Path-Goal Leadership?
based on the expectancy theory of motivation
What is the expectancy theory of motivation?
we are motivated when we believe/ expect—that…
(a) their effort will lead to high performance
(b) their high performance will be rewarded
(c) the rewards they will receive are valuable to them.
What is the leaders main job in the path-goal theory?
make sure all three of the conditions of expectancy theory exist
(effort=performance, which will then be rewarded, and they are valuable)
What are 4 different leadership styles?
- directive
- supportive
- participative
- achievement
How do directive leaders work?
provide specific directions to their employees (lead employees by clarifying role expectations, schedules)
When does having a directive leader work well?
when employees are experiencing role ambiguity
When is a directive leader less effective? (2)
- if employees have role clarity, and they are performing boring work, it may create a more restricted atmosphere
- when people have high levels of ability
How do supportive leaders work?
provide emotional support, treating employees well, care and encourage
When would a supportive leader be most effective?
when employees are nuder a lot of stress or performing repetitive boring jobs
What do participative leaders do?
make sure that employees are involved in making the most important decisions
When are participative leaders most effective?
when employees have a high level of ability and decisions are personally relevant to them
What do achievement leaders do?
set goals for employees and encourage them to reach their goals, challenges employees and focus attention on goals
When would an achievement leader be effective?
when employees have both high levels of ability and level of achievement motivation
What is the main difference between Fiedler’s contingency theory and path-goal theory?
Fiedler theory states that the leaders style is assumed to be fixed and only the environment can be changed where as the Path-goal theory states that varying ones style depending on the situation is KEY
What is the transformational leadership style?
lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leaders goals, focus more on company’s well being rather than what is best for them
What is the transactional leadership style?
ensure employees demonstrate the right behaviours and provide resources in exchange
Why is transformational leadership effective?
key factor is trust, the belief that the leader will show integrity, fairness
Why is the tendency to trust transformational leaders?
b/c they express greater levels of concern for well being and values
What is the servant leadership approach?
defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others, mission is to develop employees and help them reach their goals
