Lesson 11

Question 1

What is leadership?

Answer 1

the act of influencing others to work towards a goal

Question 2

What are informal leaders?

Answer 2

they are people without a formal position of authority but demonstrate leadership by influencing others through personal forms of power

Question 3

What are the big 5 personality traits?

Answer 3

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 4

What is general mental ability?

Answer 4

• IQ, a person emerging as a leader within a group

- high mental abilities

Question 5

What is emotional intelligence (EQ)?

Answer 5

• effective leaders have this

- demonstrate high level of self-awareness, motivation, empathy, social skills

Question 6

What is the difference between effective and ineffective leaders?

Answer 6

their ability to control their own emotions and understand others emotions, their internal motivation and their social skills

Question 7

Out of the 5 big personality traits, which one has the strongest relationship with both leader emergence and effectivness?

Answer 7

extraversion

Question 8

Define self esteem?

Answer 8

degree to which a person is at peace with oneself, overall positive assessment of ones self worth and capabilities

Question 9

People with high self esteem have greater levels of….

Answer 9

self-confidence

Question 10

What do people have that are effective leaders?

Answer 10

moral compass and demonstrate honesty and integrity

Question 11

What are 2 broad categories of behaviours when dealing with leadership?

Answer 11

• task oriented behaviours- initiating structure

- people oriented behaviours- consideration

Question 12

What does task oriented leader behaviours involve?

Answer 12

structuring the roles of subordinates, provide instructions, and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group.

Question 13

What are task-oriented behaviors?

Answer 13

are directives given to employees to get things done and to ensure that organizational goals are met.

Question 14

What does people oriented leader behaviours include? (3)

Answer 14

• showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect
• genuinely care about well-being of employees
• demonstrate their concern in their actions and decisions.

Question 15

What is a problem with high levels of task oriented behaviours?

Answer 15

may cause burnout

Question 16

In small companies, how are task oriented behaviours found to be?

Answer 16

more effective than in bigger companies

Question 17

What does authoritarian decision making mean?

Answer 17

leaders make decisions alone without involving employees

Question 18

What does democratic decision making mean?

Answer 18

employees participate in the making of the decision

Question 19

What does laissez-faire decision making mean?

Answer 19

leave employees alone to make the decision, minimal guidance and involvement

Question 20

When do employees tend to be more satisfied?

Answer 20

when more democratic or participative styles are used

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of the laissez-faire decision making?

Answer 21

• creates high levels of ambiguity and more conflict

Question 22

What is the Fiedler’s Contingency Model?

Answer 22

• earliest and most influential theory

- leaders style is measured by a scale, called Least Preferred Coworker Scale (LPC)

Question 23

What does having a high LPC score mean?

Answer 23

you hate working with someone, but you still like them

• people oriented personality- separate liking from ability to work with

Question 24

What does having a low LPC score mean?

Answer 24

you hate working with someone and you do not like them on a personal level

• task oriented person

Question 25

What is the situational leadership approach?

Answer 25

argues that leaders must use different leadership styles depending on their followers developmental level

Question 26

Give an example of how the leadership approach works

Answer 26

when employees start working, they are highly committed but low on competence, so leaders need to be directive and less supportive

when employees have been around they become more competent, and leaders should engage in more coaching behaviours

Question 27

What is Path-Goal Leadership?

Answer 27

based on the expectancy theory of motivation

Question 28

What is the expectancy theory of motivation?

Answer 28

we are motivated when we believe/ expect—that…

(a) their effort will lead to high performance
(b) their high performance will be rewarded
(c) the rewards they will receive are valuable to them.

Question 29

What is the leaders main job in the path-goal theory?

Answer 29

make sure all three of the conditions of expectancy theory exist

(effort=performance, which will then be rewarded, and they are valuable)

Question 30

What are 4 different leadership styles?

Answer 30

• directive
• supportive
• participative
• achievement

Question 31

How do directive leaders work?

Answer 31

provide specific directions to their employees (lead employees by clarifying role expectations, schedules)

Question 32

When does having a directive leader work well?

Answer 32

when employees are experiencing role ambiguity

Question 33

When is a directive leader less effective? (2)

Answer 33

• if employees have role clarity, and they are performing boring work, it may create a more restricted atmosphere
• when people have high levels of ability

Question 34

How do supportive leaders work?

Answer 34

provide emotional support, treating employees well, care and encourage

Question 35

When would a supportive leader be most effective?

Answer 35

when employees are nuder a lot of stress or performing repetitive boring jobs

Question 36

What do participative leaders do?

Answer 36

make sure that employees are involved in making the most important decisions

Question 37

When are participative leaders most effective?

Answer 37

when employees have a high level of ability and decisions are personally relevant to them

Question 38

What do achievement leaders do?

Answer 38

set goals for employees and encourage them to reach their goals, challenges employees and focus attention on goals

Question 39

When would an achievement leader be effective?

Answer 39

when employees have both high levels of ability and level of achievement motivation

Question 40

What is the main difference between Fiedler’s contingency theory and path-goal theory?

Answer 40

Fiedler theory states that the leaders style is assumed to be fixed and only the environment can be changed where as the Path-goal theory states that varying ones style depending on the situation is KEY

Question 41

What is the transformational leadership style?

Answer 41

lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leaders goals, focus more on company’s well being rather than what is best for them

Question 42

What is the transactional leadership style?

Answer 42

ensure employees demonstrate the right behaviours and provide resources in exchange

Question 43

Why is transformational leadership effective?

Answer 43

key factor is trust, the belief that the leader will show integrity, fairness

Question 44

Why is the tendency to trust transformational leaders?

Answer 44

b/c they express greater levels of concern for well being and values

Question 45

What is the servant leadership approach?

Answer 45

defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others, mission is to develop employees and help them reach their goals