lesson 10 Flashcards
solid matter which is
useful or can be
potentially useful to
society.
Materials
mostly composed of organic
compounds that are chemically based on
carbon, hydrogen,
Polymers
are composed of one or more
metallic elements
Metals
compounds between metallic
and nonmetallic elements (most frequently
oxides, nitrides, and carbides)
Ceramics
composed of two (or more)
individual materials which come from the
metal, ceramic and/or polymers.
Composites
have electrical
properties that are intermediate between
the electrical conductors and insulators
Semiconductors
employed in components
implanted into the human body for
replacement of diseased or damaged
body parts
Biomaterials
materials that are able
to sense changes in their environments
and then respond to these changes in
predetermined manners
Smart materials
materials with dimensions on the order of
ananometer
Nano engineered materials
involves investigation
of the relationships that exist between the
structures and properties of materials.
❖MATERIALS SCIENCE
is designing or
engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of properties
on the basis of its structure–property
correlations.
❖MATERIALS ENGINEERING
involves the investigation on why materials
behave the way they do, how they were
made and how they can be improved.
❖MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
is the resistance to the tensile
stress which is caused by an applied load that tends
to elongate the material along the axis of the applied
load, in other words, the stress caused by pulling the
material.
❖TENSILE STRENGTH
the resistance to
compressive stress which is caused by an applied
load that acts to reduce the length of the material
along the axis of the applied load, in other words, a
resistance from squeezing the material.
❖COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
the resistance to the stress state
caused by the combined energy of a pair of opposing
forces acting along parallel lines of action through
the material
❖SHEAR STRENGTH
the ability of a material to
return to its previous shape after stress is
released
❖ELASTICITY
the ability of a solid material
to undergo permanent deformation, a non-
reversible change of shape in response to
applied forces
❖PLASTICITY
a measure of the
resistance to localized material
deformation induced by either
mechanical indentation or abrasion.
❖HARDNESS
the ability of a
material to be shaped with
hammering or rolling without
fracture
❖MALLEABILITY
are characterized by their definite shape and considerable mechanical strength
and rigidity.
SOLIDS
the constituent atoms are arranged
in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic
distances which give rise to its definite
geometrical configuration
▪ Crystalline
the constituent atoms do not have
a long range of atomic order which results to its
absence of definite geometrical shape
▪ Amorphous
the manner in which
atoms, ions or molecules are spatially arranged.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
a three-dimensional network of
imaginary lines connecting points in space
LATTICE
