Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 Lab > Lesson 10 > Flashcards

Lesson 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of gonads

A
  • testes
  • ovaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

testes

A

male respro system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ovaries

A

female repro system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

male gonads produce

A

sperm and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

female gonads produce

A

ova (eggs), estrogen, and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

external male genitalia

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

penis composed of

A
  • 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
  • 2 dorsal cylinders
  • 1 ventricle cylinder that surrounds the penile urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

2 dorsal cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

1 ventricle cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 major parts of the penis

A
  • glans penis
  • body of the penis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glans penis

A

tip of the penis covered by prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prepuce aka

A

foreskin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

scrotum

A
  • contains the testes
  • regulates temp to optimize sperm production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the temp of the scrotum

A

94°F/34°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the internal duct system of the male genitalia contains (4)

A
  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens/vas deferens
  • ejaculatory duct
  • urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

epididymis location and function

A
  • superior and posterolateral area of the testes
  • site where immature sperm cells complete maturation process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vas deferens along with vessels and nerves are enclosed in what

A

spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spermatic cord

A

connective tissue sheath covering the vas deferens, vessels, and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vas deferens function

A

connects epididymis to ejaculatory duct in ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ejaculatory duct does what?

A

propels sperm through prostate gland to urethra during ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

urethra

A

runs length of penis and is the common path of both urinary and repro system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

three parts of the urethra

A
  • prostatic
  • intermediate (membranous)
  • spongy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

accessory male repro glands (3)

A
  • prostate gland
  • seminal glands/vesicles
  • bulbourethral glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

prostate glands function and location

A
  • inferior to bladder
  • encircles and secretes milky fluid into urethra to activate sperm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

seminal glands location and function

A
  • posterior to bladder
  • joins vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct
  • produces alkaline secretion containing fructose and other nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the point of the seminal gland producing alkaline secretion?

A

supplied energy to sperm cells and promotes fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_____ produces 60% of seminal fluid

A

seminal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

bulbourethral gland location and function

A
  • inferior to prostate
  • produces thick, clear, alkaline mucus that drains into membranous urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the function of the secretion of the bulbourethral gland? What’s in it?

A
  • washes out urine during ejaculation of semen
  • made of sperm and seminal fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

testes externally covered by

A

tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is within each lobule of the testes (2)

A
  • seminiferous tubules
  • rete testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

seminiferous tubules

A
  • site of sperm production
  • interstitial cells between tubules produce testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

rete testis

A

carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

tunica albuginea is made of

A

dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

major external female repro structure include

A
  • vulva
  • mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

vulva includes

A
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

mons pubis

A

overlies pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

labia majora

A

homologous to scrotum in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

labia minora

A

encloses vestibule region of female genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

vestibule region contains

A
  • clitoris
  • urethral orifice
  • vaginal orifice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

clitoris

A
  • homologous to penis in males
  • covered by prepuce of the clitoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

urethral orifice

A
  • part of urinary system
  • separate from the reproductive system
44
Q

vaginal orifice

A

external opening that leads into internal repro structures

45
Q

internal repro structures of vaginal orifice

A
  • hymen
  • greater vestibular glands
46
Q

hymen

A

thin fold of mucous membrane that closes vaginal opening

47
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

flanks vaginal opening that produces lubricants during coitus

48
Q

all female repro organs except ___ suspended by ligamentous folds of peritoneum

A

ovaries

49
Q

broad ligaments (3)

A
  • mesometrium
  • mesosalpinx
  • mesovarium
50
Q

mesometrium

A

secures uterus

51
Q

mesosalpinx

A

secures uterine tubes

52
Q

mesovarium

A

anchors ovaries posteriorly

53
Q

round ligaments

A

secures uterus to labia majora

54
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

secure inferior uterus to the sacrum

55
Q

ovarian ligaments

A

anchors ovaries to uterus supported by suspensory ligaments

56
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

anchors ovaries laterally

57
Q

organs of the female repro

A
  • vagina
  • uterus
  • uterine/fallopian tubes
  • ovaries
58
Q

vagina

A

birth canal connecting vestibule to uterus

59
Q

uterus

A

muscular organ located between bladder and rectum

60
Q

uterine layers

A
  • endometrium
  • myometrium
  • serosa
61
Q

endometrium

A

interior layer composed of functional layer that is formed by basal layer

62
Q

usual site of egg implantation and is discarded by menses

A

stratum functionalis (functional layer)

63
Q

myometrium

A

muscular medial layer of uterus

64
Q

serosa

A

protective outer layer

65
Q

major structures of uterus

A
  • cervix
  • body
  • fundus
66
Q

cervix of uterus

A

inferior uterus

67
Q

body of uterus

A

major portion of uterus

68
Q

fundus of the uterus

A

superior uterus

69
Q

fallopian tubes location and function

A
  • superolateral region of uterus extending towards ovaries
  • usual site of egg fertilization by sperm
70
Q

three regions of the fallopian tubes

A
  • fimbriae
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
71
Q

fimbriae

A
  • distal end of fallopian tube
  • finger-like projection
72
Q

ampulla of fallopian tube

A

widest and longest portion

73
Q

isthmus

A

located medially and is narrow with thick-walled

74
Q

ovaries

A
  • site of female gamete development and estrogen production
  • egg ejection during ovulation
75
Q

egg development and estrogen both produced in

A

follicle

76
Q

follicle forms ____ to produce progesterone and some estrogen

A

corpus luteum

77
Q

mammary glands location

A

located anterior to pectoral muscles

78
Q

growth of the mammary glands (starts when and by what)

A

growth starts in puberty caused by estrogen production

79
Q

major external features of mammary glands

A
  • areola
  • nipple
80
Q

major internal features of mammary glands

A

lobes

81
Q

areola

A

pigmented area surrounding nipple

82
Q

nipple

A

site of milk release in lactation

83
Q

lobes

A
  • 15-25 lobes composed of connective and fatty tissue
  • lobes contain lobules containing milk-producing alveoli
84
Q

milk formed in milk-producing alveoli passes through ____ and stored in _____

A
  • lactiferous ducts
  • lactiferous sinus
85
Q

meiosis occurs in

A

gonads

86
Q

sperm and egg genetically contain

A
  • haploid complement (0.5 normal chromosome number)
  • 23 chromosome
87
Q

which chromosome pair is the sex chromosome

A

23

88
Q

meiosis

A
  • consists of 2 nuclear divisions
  • yields four daughter cells
89
Q

meiosis I steps

A
  • chromosomes undergo semi-conservative replication in interphase
  • synapsis
  • 23 tetrads line up at equator and the homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material with pair at points of crossover
  • dyads move to opposite ends during anaphase
  • cytokinesis occurs to yield 2 daughter cells after telophase
90
Q

meiosis II major processes

A
  • genetic material does not replicate in meiosis II
  • each cell has only 1/2 chromosome
  • each daughter cell from meiosis 1 forms 2 daughter cells
91
Q

spermatogenesis

A
  • starts at puberty
  • occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes from spermatogonia
92
Q

spermatogonia

A

under FSH influence during puberty produces primary spermatocytes, then undergoes meiosis to yield spermatids, then undergoes spermiogenesis to form functional sperm

93
Q

oogenesis

A
  • occurs in ovary
  • influences by gonadotropic hormones from anterior pituitary
  • begins with oogonia in developing female fetus
94
Q

oogonia

A
  • undergoes thousands of miotic divisions in fetal development
  • become encapsulated by cells to form primordial follicles of ovaries
95
Q

primary oocytes

A

by birth encapsulated oogonia grows into primary oocyte (arrested at prophase of meiosis I)

96
Q

primary follicle in females at puberty

A
  • formed as follicle grows around primary oocyte follicle cells produces estrogens
97
Q

secondary follicle in females at puberty

A
  • primary oocyte maturing
  • estrogen produced feedback to stop gonadotropin release by anterior pituitary
98
Q

vesicular (antral) follicle in female at puberty

A
  • primary oocyte completes meiosis I producing secondary oocyte (arrested at metaphase II) and first polar body
  • mature follicle releases secondary oocyte enclosed corona radiata when anterior pituitary suddenly increases LH released
  • turns into corpus luteum
99
Q

if LH levels drops

A

corpus luteum degenerates and replaced by scar tissue (corpus albicans)

100
Q

upon sperm fertilization of the secondary oocyte what happens (2)

A
  • meiosis II proceeds
  • ovum (2n) and second polar body produced
101
Q

menstrual cycle

A

controlled by ovary (estrogen/progesterone)
- occurs 14 days after ovulation

102
Q

what are the three phases of the menstrual cycle

A
  • menstrual (menses)
  • proliferative
  • secretory
103
Q

menses of menstrual cycle

A

day 1-5 where functional layer of endometrium sloughs off and bleeding occurs

104
Q

proliferative of menstrual cycle

A

day 6-14 where estrogen from growing follicle causes endometrium repair and glands and blood vessels proliferate and endometrium thicken

105
Q

secretory of menstrual cycle

A

day 15-28 where corpus luteum progesterone causes increase glands and vascular supply in endometrium

106
Q

if there is an embryo present in the secretory phase of menstrual cycle what will happen

A

embryo will produce LH to maintain corpus luteum

A&P 2 Lab (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions