Lesson 1; Whole

Question 1

It is the Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

In science, we rely on ——- ——- when we conduct psychological research

Answer 2

Scientific method

Question 3

It refers to the research about the psychological processes underlying behavior.

Answer 3

Psychological science

Question 4

The word science comes from the Latin word —–, which simply means knowledge.

Answer 4

Scientia

Question 5

In contemporary times, science has two meanings; which one refers to what we know ?

Answer 5

Content

Question 6

In contemporary times, science has two meanings; which one refers to an activity that includes the systematic ways in which we go about gathering data, noting relationships, and offering explanations?

Answer 6

Process

Question 7

It is the scientific techniques used to collect and evaluate psychological data

Answer 7

Methodology

Question 8

True or false
All areas of psychology rely on scientific research methods.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

It is the scientific study of behavior, motives, or cognition in a laboratory or other controlled setting in order to predict, explain, or influence behavior or other psychological phenomena

Answer 9

Experimental Psychology

Question 10

True or false
Psychology started as part of philosophy

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Refers to the kind of everyday, nonscientific data gathering that shapes our expectations and beliefs and directs our behavior toward others

Answer 11

commonsense psychology

Question 12

Our ability to gather data in a systematic and impartial way is constrained by important factors:

what are these factors?

Answer 12

sources of psychological information;

inferential strategies

Question 13

These are derived from data we collect from our own experience and what we have learned from others.

Answer 13

Commonsense beliefs

Question 14

True or false
Sources are always good for obtaining valid information

Answer 14

False
Sources are NOT always good for obtaining valid information

Question 15

What phenomena is described below ?

Once we believe we know something, we tend to overlook instances that might disconfirm our beliefs, and we seek, instead, confirmatory instances of behavior

Answer 15

Confirmation bias

Question 16

True or false

we are more likely to believe information if it comes from People who are popular, attractive, high in status, seemingly expert, or who appear highly confident are more powerful sources of information than others are

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the four NONSCIENTIFIC INFERENCES

Answer 17

Traits
Stereotyping
Poor calculations of the probability or Gambler’s fallacy
Overconfidence bias

Question 18

True ir false
Scientific mentality assumes that behavior must not follow a natural order; therefore, it can be predicted.

Answer 18

False

Scientific mentality assumes that behavior MUST follow a natural order; therefore, it can be predicted.

Question 19

A belief that there are specifiable causes for the way people behave

Answer 19

determinism.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of modern science

Answer 20

Scientific Mentality
Gathering Empirical Data
Seeking General Principles
Good Thinking
Self-correction
Publicizing Results
Replication

Question 21

Refers to data that are observable or experienced.

Answer 21

empirical data

Question 22

Empirical data can either —– or —– the hypothesis or theory

Answer 22

Verify or Disprove

Question 23

It is used to support or refute a theory and serves as a basis for conclusion

Answer 23

Empirical data

Question 24

What is the third in the characteristics of modern science?

Answer 24

Seeking General Principles

Question 25

True or false Data gathered should not be organized through principles, such as laws or theories

Answer 25

False Data gathered SHOULD be organized through principles, such as laws or theories.

Question 26

These are principles that have generality to apply to all situations

Answer 26

Law

Question 27

These are a set of related statements used to explain and predict phenomena.

Answer 27

Theory

Question 28

True or false Theories can still be falsified

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blanks; Theory is a set of related statements used to ____ and ______ phenomena

Answer 29

Explain and Predict

Question 30

True or false Testing predictions stemming from a theory has been the cornerstone of psychological science.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false Old theories are replaced by new theories with lesser explanatory power. 

Answer 31

False Old theories are replaced by new theories with GREATER explanatory power. 

Question 32

True or false Conclusions will not follow from the data, whether they are in agreement with our predictions or not. 

Answer 32

False Conclusions WILL follow from the data, whether they are in agreement with our predictions or not. 

Question 33

The simpler the better

Answer 33

Principle of Parsimony

Question 34

What is the "Weight-of-evidence approach" ?

Answer 34

The more evidence that accumulates to support a particular explanation or theory, the more confidence we have that the theory is correct.

Question 35

True or false Theories are best tested through attempts at verification.

Answer 35

False Theories are best tested through attempts at FALSIFICATION .

Question 36

The Continuous exchange of information and incorporation of findings is vital to the scientific process. Is under what characteristics of modern science?

Answer 36

Publicizing Results

Question 37

The description; Repeat procedures multiple times to verify results; multiple researchers should verify the experiment.  Is under what characteristics of modern science ?

Answer 37

Replication

Question 38

What are the OBJECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE?

Answer 38

Description Prediction Explanation Control

Question 39

It is key to description

Answer 39

Observation

Question 40

What is the first goal of psych research ?

Answer 40

Description

Question 41

After describing the phenomena _____ comes into place

Answer 41

Prediction

Question 42

The capability of knowing in advance when a certain behavior would be expected to occur

Answer 42

Prediction

Question 43

An objective of psychological science which is described as  to understand what causes a behavior

Answer 43

Explanation

Question 44

The application of what has been learned about behavior

Answer 44

Control

Question 45

Basic Research is also called ?

Answer 45

Pure research

Question 46

Applied research is also known by the name?

Answer 46

practical research

Question 47

It is designed to increase the amount of scientific knowledge on a topic or particular field.

Answer 47

Basic/Pure research

Question 48

 A study assessing whether men or women are more likely to suffer from depression Is a type of what research ?

Answer 48

Basic/Pure/ Research

Question 49

It is designed to solve real-world problems

Answer 49

Applied/Practical Research

Question 50

Researching which strategies work best to improve students’ learning Is a type of what research?

Answer 50

Applied/Practical Research

Question 51

What are the tools of psychological science ?

Answer 51

Observation Measurement Experimentation

Question 52

It is the Systematic noting and recording of events. 

Answer 52

Observation

Question 53

What does the SMART principles stand for?

Answer 53

Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time bound

Question 54

It is the assignment of numerical values to observed objects or events according to conventional rules. 

Answer 54

Measurement

Question 55

True or false The same unit of measurement, same instruments and procedures each time the event is observed must be used.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

It is a process undertaken to test a hypothesis

Answer 56

experimentation

Question 57

True or false To do an experiment, our predictions must be NOT TESTABLE.

Answer 57

False To do an experiment, our predictions must be TESTABLE.

Question 58

The variable being manipulated

Answer 58

Independent Variable

Question 59

The variable being measured

Answer 59

Dependent variable

Question 60

True or false Experimentation is undertaken to test a testable prediction

Answer 60

True

Question 61

True or false In Experimentation, manipulation is a requirement

Answer 61

True

Question 62

It encompass the circumstances that occur prior to the event or behavior in question

Answer 62

Antecedent conditions

Question 63

It is a controlled procedure in which at least two different treatment conditions are applied to subjects. 

Answer 63

Psychology Experiment

Question 64

These are manipulated specific sets of antecedent conditions. 

Answer 64

Treatments

Question 65

Experimental Group is also called

Answer 65

Independent Variable

Question 66

The group that receives no treatment and is used as a comparison group.

Answer 66

Controlled Group

Question 67

An experimental design in which subjects receive only one kind of treatment. [different subjects, different treatments ]

Answer 67

Between-subjects design

Question 68

present all treatments to each subject [one subject across all treatments]

Answer 68

Within-subjects design

Question 69

True or false Control is most often achieved by random assignment

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Psychology experiment can infer...

Answer 70

Causation/ cause-and-effect relationship

Question 71

It is any field of study that gives the appearance of being scientific, but has no true scientific basis and has not been confirmed using the scientific method. 

Answer 71

Pseudoscience

Question 72

It is involved in assessing traits and dispositions by measuring the size and location of bumps on the skull. Choices; Phrenology Physiognomy Astrology

Answer 72

Phrenology

Question 73

It is the practice of studying planets and star patterns with the belief that they have a powerful influence on behavior and future outcomes.  Choices; Phrenology Physiognomy Astrology

Answer 73

Astrology

Question 74

Involved using facial features, particularly the appearance of the eyes, nose, chin, and forehead to evaluate traits, mental capacity, and skills. Phrenology Physiognomy Astrology

Question 75

True or false Theory testing is focused on quantitative

Answer 75

True

Question 76

The characteristics of a scientist that is essential; always asks question and not easily persuaded

Answer 76

Skepticism

Question 77

Person centered theory and client centered therapy is from ------

Answer 77

Carl Rogers

Question 78

True or false Falsification is better because we cannot actually prove a certain theory

Answer 78

True. All we can do is strengthen it thru falsification

Question 79

Psychology is a scientific discipline because it utilizes ___ ___

Answer 79

Scientific Methodology

Question 80

Psychology is defined as a scientific study of behavior and mental process Which part of this definition refers to the oberservable manifestations or the overt

Answer 80

Behavior

Question 81

Psychology is defined as a scientific study of behavior and mental process Which part of this definition refers to the inner drives that can affect the behavior or emotion?

Answer 81

Mental / Mental processes

Question 82

Defined as an educated guess

Answer 82

Hypothesis

Question 83

Before administering the test, it must first be___

Answer 83

Psychometrically sound

Question 84

It is the process of drawing conclusion from general patterns of behavior

Answer 84

inference

Question 85

Without ______ there is no causality

Answer 85

Control

Question 86

Which design is more adventagous with regards to time?

Answer 86

Between-subject design