Lesson 1 Flashcards
Psychology is a science because it relies on this
Scientific Method
It is the research about the psychological process underlying behavior
Psychological Science
In contemporary times, it is the definition of science that contains what we know
Content
In contemporary times, this is the definition of science that is an activity which includes the systematic way of gathering data
Process
Methodology
Scientific techniques in collecting and evaluating psychological data
scientific study of behavior, motives, or cognition in a laboratory or other controlled setting in order to predict, explain, or influencebehavior
Experimental Psychology
Commonsense psychology
Everyday, non-scientific data gathering that shapes our expectations and beliefs and directs our behavior toward others
derived from data we collect from our own experience and what we have learned from others.
Commonsense beliefs
The tendency to overlook instances that might disprove our beliefs and look for confirmatory instances instead
Confirmation Bias
What are the four non scientific inferences
Traits, stereotyping, Gambler’s fallacy, Overconfidence bias
T/F
Scientific mentality assumes that behavior can be predicted as it must follow a natural order
True
What are empirical data?
Data that are observable or experienced
This is a principle that has the generality to apply to all situations
Law
A theory is..?
Set of related statements used to explain and predict phonomena
A principle that states that the simpler one is preferred
Parsimony
Weight of evidence approach
The more evidence that accumulates to support a particular explanation or theory, the more confidence we have that the theory is correct.
T/F
Theories are best tested through attempts of verification.
False;
Theories are best tested through attempts of FALSIFICATION.
A goal of psych sci;
A systematic and unbiased account of the observed characteristics of behaviors;
Decription
Prediction
The capability of knowing in advance when a certain behavior would be expected to occur.
Explanation
To be able to understand what causes a behavior and to gain knowledge of the conditions that produced the behavior.
Goal of psych sci.
The application of what has been learned
Basic / pure / fundamental research aims to?
increase the amount of scientific knowledge
A study assessing whether men or women are more likely to suffer from depression.
is a sample of what research?
Basic resesrach
Applied / Practical Research is designed to..?
solve real-world problems
Researching which strategies work best to improve students’ learning
is an example of what research
Applied research
It Is the Systematic noting and recording of events
Observation
T/F
observation must be made SYSTEMATIC AND OBJECTIVE
True
What is the process undertaken to test a hypothesis
Experimentation
T/F
To do an experiment, our predictions must be TESTABLE
True
Experimentation is undertaken to test a testable prediction. Testable prediction is also known as..?
Hypothesis
It encompass the circumstances tha occur prior to the event of behavior
Antecedents/ Antecedent conditions
It is a controlled procedure in which at least two different treatment conditions are applied to subjects.
Psychology experiment
____ is the specific sets of antecedent conditions
Treatment
The manipulated sets of antecedent conditions
Treatments
Experimental group
The group being treated, or otherwise manipulated (Independent Variable).
Controlled Group
the group that receives no treatment and is used as a comparison group.
Dependent variable
variable being measured or observed
An experimental design in which subjects receive only one treatmentd.
Also; different subjects, different treatments
Between-subjects design
Presenting all treatments to each subject
Also; same subjects across all treatments
Within-subjects design
T/F
Controls is achieved through random assignment
True
What can we infer from Psychology experiment?
Cause-and-effect relationship
Pseudoscience
It is any field of study that gives the appearance of being scientific, but has no true scientific basis and has not been confirmed using the scientific method.
Phrenology
involved assessing traits and dispositions by measuring the size and location of bumps on the skull.
Physiognomy
Involved using facial features, particularly the appearance of the eyes, nose, chin, and forehead to evaluate traits, mental capacity, and skills.
T/F
Astrology is a pseudoscience
True
