Lesson 1: Welcome to Ethics and Decision Making

Question 1

decision-making process

Answer 1

1. Identifying a problem
2. gathering details
3. considering alternatives
4. evaluating the alternatives based on some sort of criteria
5. choosing the best alternative
6. implementing the choice
7. evaluating/monitoring the decision

Question 2

Problem

Answer 2

a situation that is present that does not match the desired outcome, a discrepancy between the current state and the desired state

Question 3

structured problems

Answer 3

considered routine and require minimal effort

Question 4

unstructured problems

Answer 4

take a great deal of time, energy, and resources to address

Question 5

three common elements of a problem

Answer 5

a current state (generally undesirable), a desired end state, and an obstacle that must be overcome

Question 6

Ethics

Answer 6

branch of philosophy, the standards and practices that tell us how to act in the many situations that we find ourselves in

Question 7

Morals

Answer 7

the influences and levels of exposure from family, friends, culture, religion, education, laws, politics, socioeconomics, gender, and sexual orientation among other things that form our beliefs about right and wrong. no two people will have the exact same morals, they evolve and change as we learn, experience and grow.

Question 8

Laws

Answer 8

reactive, a response to offensive behaviors that infringe on the rights of others, a deterrent against future actions and require voluntary compliance, laws are not universal, they can be municipal, provincial, or federal

Question 9

The rights lens

Answer 9

People should have the ability to choose freely, the right to make their own choices, be told the truth, not be injured, and maintain a degree of privacy

Question 10

The justice lens

Answer 10

Each person should be given fair or equal treatment, people should be treated as equals according to their needs, not that each person should be treated the exact same

Question 11

The utilitarian lens

Answer 11

Calls into question the idea that the best ethical action is the one that involves the greatest amount of good over harm to as many people as possible, it deals with the consequences of our actions

Question 12

The common good lens

Answer 12

Respect and compassion for all involved, in particular the vulnerable, are the correct ethical choice, highlights mutual concern for the interest of all members of the group

Question 13

The virtue lens

Answer 13

Ethical action should be consistent with the virtues and ideals held to the highest regard of humanity, these virtues include: honesty, courage, tolerance, generosity, integrity, and fairness

Question 14

The care ethics lens

Answer 14

We must listen to the individual specific circumstances and respond accordingly instead of simply following the normal rules, relies on empathy and concern for others and values independence among all the stake holders

Question 15

The five ethical principles

Answer 15

1. Principle of respect for the vulnerable
2. Principle of respect for autonomy
3. Principle of justice and equity
4. Principle of integrity
5. Principle of proportionality

Question 16

Conflict of interest

Answer 16

When your actions could lead to possible personal gain when private interest conflicts with official duty, can be actual apparent or potential

Question 17

The trust test

Answer 17

Would the people involved trust my judgment if they knew I was in the situation?

Question 18

Ethical principles

Answer 18

The measurement used for judging human action, pertains to the law of the universe involving human relationships and organizations, does not shift or change, are based on truth and honesty uprightness a natural law, are established coduct that hold true in the face of changing environment and conditions

Question 19

In the study of ethics what does being human refer to?

Answer 19

We have the ability to choose and decide and understand the consequences of our decisions