Lesson 1 (Unit 1) study guide Flashcards
What is the definition of anatomy?
Anatomy is the study of structures.
What is the definition of physiology?
Physiology is the study of function.
What is gross anatomy?
Gross anatomy is the study of large structures in the body.
What is microscopic anatomy?
Microscopic anatomy is the study of very small structures using a microscope.
List the 6 levels of structural organization of the body.
- Chemical
- Cellular Level
- Tissue
- Organ Level
- Organ System
- Organismal Level
What is the function of the integumentary system? (think skin!)
Protects the body.
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Support and structure.
What are the functions of the muscular system?
- Movement
-smooth muscle: blood
-Skeletal muscle: larger organs movement - Temperature regulation via shivering.
What is the function of the nervous system?
Important for regulating other systems and communication.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Communication and control by secretion of hormones.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Blood circulation and oxygen transport.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Important for defense mechanisms and immune response.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange (Oxygen and CO2).
What is the function of the digestive system?
Food intake and breakdown into energy, and nutrients and removal of waste.
What is the function of the urinary system?
Removal of waste and balancing electrolytes.
What is the function of the reproductive system?
Responsible for regulating reproduction.
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The body’s way of trying to maintain a constant environment.
What is the definition of set point?
Ranges of certain important functions in the body.
List 6 examples of set points mentioned in lesson 1. in relation to homeostasis
- Glucose Levels – 70-100 mg/dL
- Temperature – 37°C
- Calcium Levels – 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
- Blood pressure – 120/80 mm Hg
- pH – 7.35 to 7.45
- Milliosmolarity – 280-300 mOsm
What is the normal range for Glucose levels in the body?
70-100mg/dL
What is the normal range for Temperature levels in the body?
37 C
What are the 3 components of a negative feedback loop?
- Sensor
- Control Center or Integrating Center
- Effector
What is the role of the sensor in a negative feedback loop?
Senses a change and sends information to the control center.
What is the role of the control center in a negative feedback loop?
Integrates information about the change and activates the effector if necessary.
What is the role of the effector in a negative feedback loop?
The effector responds by causing a change to restore homeostasis/or to default
Provide an example of a negative feedback loop ? explain what the sensor, control center and effector would be in this example?
- Sensor: Receptors in our skin and brain sense a a rise in temperature
- Control Center: sensor notifies the Temperature regulatory center in the brain which recognizes the change that needs to happen
- Effector: control center in brain activate effectors in sweatglands which causes sweating therefore returning body to homeostasis.
Provide another example of a negative feedback loop and what the sensor, control center and effector would be
- Sensor: Pancreas senses rise in glucose
- Control Center: sensor would prompt integrating center in Pancreas to release insulin
- Effector: control center will prompt pancrease to use insulin to lower blood sugar.
What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop?
Negative feedback loops avoid deviation from the set point to maintain homeostasis; positive feedback loops embrace deviations to increase change.
What is an example of a positive feedback loop discussed in lesson 1?
Childbirth.
What is the normal range for Calcium levels in the body?
8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
What is the normal range for Blood pressure levels in the body?
120/80 mm Hg
What is the normal range for pH levels in the body?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the normal range for milliosmolarity levels in the body?
280-300 mOsm
