Lesson 1: The Medical Technology Profession Flashcards
Also known as the“Philippines Medical Technology Act of 1969”
What does it require
Republic Act (RA) 5527
The registration of medical technologists
“An act requiring the registrations of Medical Technologists, defining their practice, and for other purpose
A science that deals with the chemical, physical, and microscopic study of various body fluids in order to give clues or confirmatory findings to physicians, consultants or specialists of possible disorder or disease of the patients being managed.
Medical Technology Profession
Republic Act No. 5527 also known as the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 was enacted on ____
Why was the law made
June 21, 1969
Made law to create a board of medical technology under the Professional RegulationCommission (PRC)
“An allied health profession
that is central to the operation of
hospitals today.”
Ohio State University
Tasks of Medical Technology Professionals
- Use microscopes to observe details of cells, ova, and cysts of parasitic organisms.
- Test whether the blood of the donor is compatible with the blood of the recipient.
- Utilize special stains to identify microorganisms and to analyze various cells.
- Discover and identify organism causing infection and disease.
- Measure chemical substances in blood and other body fluids.
- Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and
machines
Laboratory Procedures and Techniques
- Chemical
- Microscopic
- Bacteriologic
- Cytologic
- Serologic
- Parasitology
- Immunologic
Roles of Medical Technology Professionals
- LABORATORIAN
- PROFESSIONAL EDUCATOR
- RESEARCHER
- LABORATORY ANALYST
Laboratorian
- works in a clinical laboratory
- involved in direct patient service (so support and efforts are directed toward patient evaluation & management)
● learns to establish vital linkage between technologies & medical science advances to address present & future healthcare needs
Traditional Medical Technologists
Professional Educator
- works in school or in the academe
- concerned with faculty, curriculum, student-teaching, program development
- prepares new professionals in assuming various roles of MTs
Researcher
- works in health industry
- involves in marketing, sales of pharmaceutical & diagnostic products/instruments
- generates interest & need for new developments for better health care
- Develop vaccines or medicines
- Research Institue for Tropical Medicine (RITM)
AREAS/SECTIONS IN THE LAB WHEREMICROSCOPES ARE USED
- Hematology
- Microbiology/Bacteriology
- Clinical Microscopy
- Parasitology
- Histology
- Blood Banking
Critical areas in the laboratory
* The bulk of the specimens go in these sections.
* Mistakes made in these sections have a direct effect on the life of the patient.
Major Areas
- Clinical Chemistry
- Hematology
- Immunology & Serology
- Immunohematology
- Microbiology
Not critical areas in the laboratory
* Mistakes made in these sections do not have adirect effect on the life of the patient.
Minor Areas
- Clinical Microscopy
- Parasitology
- Histopathology & Cytology
TAT
- Normal time
- Match testing
- Turn around time
- Normal procedure for samples
- Stated by the laboratory
- 3-4 hours
- Testing is usually done in batches
STAT
- Short turn around time
- Performed immediately and by itself
- Done in an hour or less
- Run control and standard
- 20-50% more expensive
- TAT is shortened
- Request is needed
The sample cannot be received without the requisition form.
Routine
- Done with the batch
- Wait for TAT stated by the laboratory
- Samples need to reach a specific number before being tested by batch
Samples need to reach a specific number before being tested by batch
Today
- Performed ASAP, given priority
- Based on “running time”
Reference Values (RR, ref values)
Factors that should be consider:
- Pulled value, usually 95% of the population
- Vary in diferent hospitals, but not that far
- Not fixed for all
Better term than “normal value”
- Age
- Sex (male patients have higher RBC and hematocrit counts than female patients)
- Pregnancy
- Diurnal variation
- Race
- Blood type
Critical Values
- Needs** immediate attention**
- “panic values”
- Should call physician
- Patient is at risk
Example
1. Potassium Levels are STAT
* low levels of K = dificulty of heart to pumpblood
Significant Values
- Clinical design should be made if higher or lower than the reference value.
- Usually when 2x to 3x higher
BASIC LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
- light microscope
- ph meters
- colorimeters and photometer
- mixers
- water bath
- ovens
- centrifuge
- balance
- de-ionizers
- safety cabinets
- cold incubators
- glassware and plasticware
- refrigerators
- Correct specimen for requested test with necessary information so that right test is carried out and result is delivered to the requesting clinician with the minimum of delay.
- Patient identification must be correct.
- The quality of laboratory results depends on thequality of the sample (direct relationship).
SAMPLING
Proper patient identification:
* Allow the ambulatory-conscious patient to verbally state their name
- If the patient cannot (baby, coma, etc.),communicate with the guardian/provider.
SPECIMEN TYPES
- Venous blood serum or plasma
- Arterial blood
- Capillary blood
* Skin puncture - Urine
* Urinalysis - Feces
* Fecalysis - CSF
* Cerebrospinal fluid
* Done by the physician through a spinal test - Sputum
- Tissue and cells
- Aspirates (pleural, ascites, joint fluid, intestinal(duodenal), pancreatic fluids
- Calculi
* Kidney stones
- Labeled as “dangerous specimen”, yellow sticker
- Similar label should be attached to the request form
- Stored in yellow plastic
Examples?
DANGEROUS SPECIMENS
- HBV Positive
- HIV Positive
- TB Positive
A ____ may be added to prevent ____, or ____ ____ may be added to ____ ____ in urine samples.
Examples?
A Preservative may be added to prevent bacterial growth, or acid may be added to stabilize metabolites in urine samples.
- Cold Temperature will also slow down replication of bacteria
- AREAS/SECTIONS:
1. Clinical Microscopy or AUBF
2. Microbiology - for culture
Examples:
* Boric Acid
* Acetic Acid
* Toluene
* Hydrochloric Acid
* Thymol
Sampling Errors
- Blood Sampling Technique
* puncture should only be less than a minute - Prolonged stasis during Venipuncture
- QNS (Quantity Not Sufficient)
- Errors in timing
- Incorrect specimen container
* Incorrect tube for each test
* stopper container color - Inappropriate Sampling Site
- Incorrect Sample Storage
* Reference temperature is 2°-8°
PLASMA
- Anti-coagulants are needed for purification
- It can be prepared as soon as it has been mixed thoroughly
- Fibrinogen is present (not used up)
- Platelets and cells (WBCs) can contaminate the liquid fraction
- The composition of ions isrepresentative of the circulating blood
- Considered less stable (especially during longer storage)
SERUM
- Anti-coagulants are not needed
- 30 minutes delay for a clot formation
- Fibrinogen is absent (used up)
- Cleaner sample, depleted of cellsand cell remnants, but latent clottingcan lead to fibrin formation
- Clot retraction elevates potassiumlevel relative to its plasma value
- Considered more stable – the goldstandard for biobanking
