LESSON 1 // PRINTING COMES TO EUROPE

Question 1

Can be called as “woodcut”.

Relief printing from a raised surface that originated in Asia, specifically in China.

Artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood (typically with gouges) leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts.

Answer 1

XYLOGRAPHY

Question 2

Term for printing with
independent, movable, and reusable bits of
metal or wood, each of which has a raised
letterform on one face.
This invention is as important as the invention of
writing.

Answer 2

TYPOGRAPHY

Question 3

_____________allowed the economical and multiple production of alphabet communication.

Answer 3

Typographic printing

Question 4

_______ gave humanity a means of storing, retrieving, and documenting
knowledge.

Answer 4

Writing

Question 5

Clergy had a monopoly on literacy, making knowledge almost inaccessible.

To produce a two-hundred-page book, two of the most expensive things you would need, among other requirements, are:

Answer 5

FOUR / FIVE MONTHS OF LABOR BY A SCRIBE

TWENTY-FIVE SHEEPSKINS FOR THE PARCHMENT

Question 6

In 1424, only _______ manuscript books resided in the university library at Cambridge, England, and the library of a wealthy nobleman whose books were his most prized and sought-after possessions probably numbered fewer than two dozen volumes.

Answer 6

122

Question 7

Manufacturing during this time was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines.

Answer 7

EARLY EUROPEAN BLOCK PRINTING

Question 8

__________ were the first manifestations of block printing in Europe.

Answer 8

Playing cards

Question 9

These cards introduced the masses to symbol ______, _______, and _______ making their intrinsic value transcend idle entertainment.

Answer 9

recognition, sequencing, and logical deduction

Question 10

___________ were the first known European block printings with a communications function. This evolved into block books, which were woodcut picture books with religious subject matter and brief text, most had 30-50 leaves. (used for religious instruction of
illiterates)

Answer 10

Devotional prints of saints

Question 11

_________ advised one on the preparation and meeting of the final hour. Eleven illustrations depict the temptation of the devil and the comfort of the angel on subjects such as faith, impatience, vainglory, and the final hour of death.

Answer 11

ARS MORIENDI

Question 12

This marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass
production.

Answer 12

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Question 13

_____________ which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period
during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became
industrial and urban.

(manufacturers turned to posters, placards,
and ads to convince consumers to use their
products)

Answer 13

The Industrial Revolution

Question 14

Characteristics of VICTORIAN ADVERTISING

Answer 14

1. Elaborate ornamentation and mixing of
   styles from other cultures.
2. Reflects values of that period: clear class
   structure, sexual restraint, and a strict
   code of conduct.
3. Paired with images that reflected
   idealized nostalgia and moral goodness.

Question 15

Characteristics of AMERICAN WOOD-TYPE POSTERS

Answer 15

1. Gave a sense of human touch due to its
   handmade quality
2. Feels warmer and less clinical

Question 16

Invented the means for mass producing letters in 1827 and published the first
known wood type catalog in 1828.

Name

Answer 16

DARIUS WELLS

Question 17

Darius Wells outlined the two advantages of wood type:

Answer 17

1. Wood was half the price of metal type.
2. Wood had smooth and even surfaces
   when prepared by a machine.

Question 18

In 1834, ______________ introduced
the pantograph to the manufacturing process.

Answer 18

WILLIAM LEAVENWORTH

Question 19

a frame is used to set groups of type blocks. Together, these blocks make words and sentences; however, they are all in reverse.

Answer 19

ORIGINAL PRINTING PRESS

Question 20

This type of printing equires an operator to set movable type, ink it, and press paper against it, it is done by hand. This printing is often used by small, boutique printers, and offers a beautiful handmade look. However, it’s also inefficient and expensive compared to other printing presses.

Answer 20

LETTERPRESS PRINTING

Question 21

This type of printing revolutionized the printing industry, making it possible to print enormous quantities efficiently and cost-effectively.

Answer 21

OFFSET PRESS

Question 22

This type of printing involves using a computer to create a plate, which is then placed in a cylinder.
(used to mass produce newspapers, magazines,
books, and other printed materials)

Answer 22

Offset printing