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Science, Technology & Society > Lesson 1 MIDTERM > Flashcards

Lesson 1 MIDTERM Flashcards

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1
Q

He is a mathematician and an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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2
Q

This theory proposed that the sun was stationary at the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it

A

Heliocentric Theory

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3
Q

Before the work of Copernicus, what were the principles of classical astronomy involving the four elements were followed:

A

Fire
Water
Earth
Air

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4
Q

According to him, everything was composed of four elements

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

Between what year did Copernicus adopted the Heliocentric Theory?. This concept was considered a radical idea during that time.

A

Between 1508 and 1514

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6
Q

What is the title of the essay of Copernicus about his Heliocentric Theory?

A

“On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium)

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7
Q

In what year did the “On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium) the essay of Copernicus was published?

A

1543 while on his deathbed

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8
Q

Because of this principle, Earth was put at the center of the universe, which is known as _________________

A

Geocentric Theory

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9
Q

Geocentric Theory is also known as __________

A

Earth Theory

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10
Q

Whose idea and proposed the Geocentric Theory

A

Ptolemy

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11
Q

He believed that the Earth is the true center of all the orbs and that all motions are uniform and unchanging.

A

Aristotle

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12
Q

He is is a British naturalist who is known as the “Father of evolution”.

A

Charles Darwin

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13
Q

His theory of evolution believed that all living organisms are related and have descended from a common ancestor.

A

Charles Darwin

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14
Q

Complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time and these changes occur because they aid survival, known as “_______________.”

A

Natural Selection

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15
Q

Who posited the theory of natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

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16
Q

What did Charles Darwin described the theory of natural selection?

A

‘survival of the fittest’.

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17
Q

According to this theory, it is not necessarily the strongest or most intelligent that survives, but the ones most responsive to change.

A

Natural Selection

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18
Q

He figured out that variations in a population helps in survival

A

Charles Darwin

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19
Q

Some variations are better suited for the environment, and they increase the organism’s ability to ___________ and ____________.

A

Survive and Reproduce

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20
Q

Organisms that survive are better adapted, and better adapted a species is, the more fitted it is to reproduce. This is a example of what Theory?

A

Natural Selection

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21
Q

This reproduction rate refers to “___________________.”

A

survival of the fittest

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22
Q

He is one of the 20th century’s most influential known as thinkers the who is “Father of Psychoanalysis.”

A

Sigmund Freud

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23
Q

He believed that when people explain their behavior, they rarely give a true account of their motivation, not because they are deliberately lying but because they are more adept at self-deception.

A

Sigmund Freud

24
Q

Sigmund Freud believed that when people explain their behavior, they rarely give a true account of their motivation, not because they are deliberately lying but because they are more adept at ______________.

A

Self-deception

25
Q

What are the 3 Components of the Mind

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)
EGO (Reality Principle)
SUPEREGO (Morality Principle)

26
Q

It is also known as Pleasure Principle

A

ID

27
Q

It is also known as Reality Principle

A

EGO

28
Q

It is also known as Morality Principle

A

SUPEREGO

29
Q

It is a component of the mind that satisfy needs, urges, and desires.

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)

30
Q

It is the only part of the personality that is present at birth.

A

ID (Pleasure Principle)

31
Q

It is a component of the mind that mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality

A

Ego (Reality Principle)

32
Q

It prevents people from acting on their basic urges (Id) and works to achieve a balance between moral and idealistic standards (Superego).

A

Ego (Reality Principle)

33
Q

It suppress the urges of the id and try to make the ego behave morally rather than realistically.

A

Superego (Morality Principle)

34
Q

It is a component of the mind that composed of people’s internalized ideals acquired from their parents and society.

A

Superego (Morality Principle)

35
Q

What are the 5 Phsycosexual Stages

A

Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage

36
Q

This stage happens in birth to 1 year.

A

Oral Stage

37
Q

During the this stage, the infant’s primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important.

A

Oral Stage

38
Q

What is the Erogenous zone of oral stage

A

Mouth

39
Q

This stage happens in 1 to 3 years.

A

Anal Stage

40
Q

This is where they start to practice using the toilet or doing bowel practices and bladder control

A

Anal Stage

41
Q

What is the erogenous zone of anal stage?

A

Bowel and Bladder Control

42
Q

This stage happens in 3 to 6 years.

A

Phallic Stage

43
Q

During this stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.

A

Phallic Stage

44
Q

At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.

A

Phallic Stage

45
Q

What is the erogenous zone of phalliac stage

A

Genitals

46
Q

What are the 2 types of Phallic Stage

A

Oedipus Complex
Elektra Complex

47
Q

It is a type of phallic stage when the boy develops an unconscious infatuation towards his mother, and simultaneously fears his father to be a rival.

A

Oedipus Complex

48
Q

It is a type of phallic stage when the girl develops a unconscious infatuation towards the father, and the daughter develops a sense of competition with her mother.

A

Elektra Complex

49
Q

This stage happens in 6 years old to puberty.

A

Latency Stage

50
Q

In this stage, the children’s libido is still inactive. Peers, school works and hobbies

A

Latency Stage

51
Q

What is the erogenous zone of latency stage?

A

Sexual Feelings Are Inactive

52
Q

This stage happens in puberty to death.

A

Genital Stage

53
Q

This is the stage where they start to have intimate relationships with the opposite sex. intimate relationship

A

Genital Stage

54
Q

What is the erogenous stage of genital stage

A

Maturing Sexual Interests

55
Q

It is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

56
Q

He believed that the Earth is the center of the celestial orbs.

A

Ptolemy

Science, Technology & Society (5 decks)

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