Lesson 1 MIDTERM Flashcards
He is a mathematician and an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory
Nicholas Copernicus
This theory proposed that the sun was stationary at the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it
Heliocentric Theory
Before the work of Copernicus, what were the principles of classical astronomy involving the four elements were followed:
Fire
Water
Earth
Air
According to him, everything was composed of four elements
Aristotle
Between what year did Copernicus adopted the Heliocentric Theory?. This concept was considered a radical idea during that time.
Between 1508 and 1514
What is the title of the essay of Copernicus about his Heliocentric Theory?
“On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium)
In what year did the “On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres” (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium) the essay of Copernicus was published?
1543 while on his deathbed
Because of this principle, Earth was put at the center of the universe, which is known as _________________
Geocentric Theory
Geocentric Theory is also known as __________
Earth Theory
Whose idea and proposed the Geocentric Theory
Ptolemy
He believed that the Earth is the true center of all the orbs and that all motions are uniform and unchanging.
Aristotle
He is is a British naturalist who is known as the “Father of evolution”.
Charles Darwin
His theory of evolution believed that all living organisms are related and have descended from a common ancestor.
Charles Darwin
Complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time and these changes occur because they aid survival, known as “_______________.”
Natural Selection
Who posited the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What did Charles Darwin described the theory of natural selection?
‘survival of the fittest’.
According to this theory, it is not necessarily the strongest or most intelligent that survives, but the ones most responsive to change.
Natural Selection
He figured out that variations in a population helps in survival
Charles Darwin
Some variations are better suited for the environment, and they increase the organism’s ability to ___________ and ____________.
Survive and Reproduce
Organisms that survive are better adapted, and better adapted a species is, the more fitted it is to reproduce. This is a example of what Theory?
Natural Selection
This reproduction rate refers to “___________________.”
survival of the fittest
He is one of the 20th century’s most influential known as thinkers the who is “Father of Psychoanalysis.”
Sigmund Freud
He believed that when people explain their behavior, they rarely give a true account of their motivation, not because they are deliberately lying but because they are more adept at self-deception.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud believed that when people explain their behavior, they rarely give a true account of their motivation, not because they are deliberately lying but because they are more adept at ______________.
Self-deception
What are the 3 Components of the Mind
ID (Pleasure Principle)
EGO (Reality Principle)
SUPEREGO (Morality Principle)
It is also known as Pleasure Principle
ID
It is also known as Reality Principle
EGO
It is also known as Morality Principle
SUPEREGO
It is a component of the mind that satisfy needs, urges, and desires.
ID (Pleasure Principle)
It is the only part of the personality that is present at birth.
ID (Pleasure Principle)
It is a component of the mind that mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality
Ego (Reality Principle)
It prevents people from acting on their basic urges (Id) and works to achieve a balance between moral and idealistic standards (Superego).
Ego (Reality Principle)
It suppress the urges of the id and try to make the ego behave morally rather than realistically.
Superego (Morality Principle)
It is a component of the mind that composed of people’s internalized ideals acquired from their parents and society.
Superego (Morality Principle)
What are the 5 Phsycosexual Stages
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
This stage happens in birth to 1 year.
Oral Stage
During the this stage, the infant’s primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important.
Oral Stage
What is the Erogenous zone of oral stage
Mouth
This stage happens in 1 to 3 years.
Anal Stage
This is where they start to practice using the toilet or doing bowel practices and bladder control
Anal Stage
What is the erogenous zone of anal stage?
Bowel and Bladder Control
This stage happens in 3 to 6 years.
Phallic Stage
During this stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.
Phallic Stage
At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.
Phallic Stage
What is the erogenous zone of phalliac stage
Genitals
What are the 2 types of Phallic Stage
Oedipus Complex
Elektra Complex
It is a type of phallic stage when the boy develops an unconscious infatuation towards his mother, and simultaneously fears his father to be a rival.
Oedipus Complex
It is a type of phallic stage when the girl develops a unconscious infatuation towards the father, and the daughter develops a sense of competition with her mother.
Elektra Complex
This stage happens in 6 years old to puberty.
Latency Stage
In this stage, the children’s libido is still inactive. Peers, school works and hobbies
Latency Stage
What is the erogenous zone of latency stage?
Sexual Feelings Are Inactive
This stage happens in puberty to death.
Genital Stage
This is the stage where they start to have intimate relationships with the opposite sex. intimate relationship
Genital Stage
What is the erogenous stage of genital stage
Maturing Sexual Interests
It is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
He believed that the Earth is the center of the celestial orbs.
Ptolemy
