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SOC101 > Lesson 1 Keywords > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

applied sociology

A

the use of sociology to solve problems-from the micro level of family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution

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2
Q

basic (or pure) sociology

A

sociological research whose purpose is to make discoveries about life in human groups, not to make changes in those groups

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3
Q

class conflict

A

Marx’s term for the struggle between capitalists and workers

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4
Q

conflict theory

A

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as being composed of groups competing for scarce resources

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5
Q

functional analysis

A

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society’s equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism

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6
Q

macro-level analysis

A

an examination of large-scale patterns of society

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7
Q

micro-level analysis

A

an examination of small-scale patterns of society

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8
Q

nonverbal interaction

A

communication without words through gestures, space, silence, and so on

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9
Q

population

A

the target group to be studied

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10
Q

positivism

A

the application of the scientific method to the social world

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11
Q

social integration

A

the degree to which people feel a part of social groups

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12
Q

social interaction

A

what people do when they are in each other’s presence

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13
Q

social location

A

the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society

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14
Q

society

A

people who share a culture and a territory

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15
Q

sociological perspective

A

understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

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16
Q

sociology

A

the scientific study of society and human behavior

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17
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with each other

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18
Q

theory

A

a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to each other

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19
Q

values

A

the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly

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20
Q

achieved statuses

A

positions that are earned or accomplished, or that involve at least some effort or activity on the individual’s part)

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21
Q

agricultural society

A

a society able to accumulate a huge food surplus after the invention of the plow

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22
Q

ascribed statuses

A

positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life

23
Q

dramaturgy

A

an approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis

24
Q

ethnomethodology

A

the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense of life

25
Q

Gemeinshaft

A

a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness

26
Q

Gesellshaft

A

a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest

27
Q

group

A

people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is important; also called a social group

28
Q

horticultural society

A

a society based on cultivating plants by using tools

29
Q

hunting and gathering society

A

a human group dependent on hunting and gathering for survival

30
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

the third social revolution in which machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power

31
Q

industrial society

A

an efficient society with greater surplus and inequality

32
Q

macrosociology

A

analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of social structure, such as social class and the relationships between groups; an approach typically used by functionalists and conflict theorists

33
Q

master status

A

a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies

34
Q

mechanical solidarity

A

Durkheim’s term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks

35
Q

microsociology

A

analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; an approach usually used by symbolic interactionists

36
Q

organic solidarity

A

solidarity based on the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people needing others to fulfill their jobs

37
Q

pastoral society

A

a society based on the pasturing of animals

38
Q

postindustrial society

A

a new type of society based on information, services, and the latest technology rather than on raw materials and manufacturing

39
Q

role

A

the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status

40
Q

role conflict

A

conflicts that a person feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role

41
Q

role performance

A

the particular emphasis or interpretation that you give a role

42
Q

role strain

A

conflicts that a person feels within a role

43
Q

social class

A

according to Weber, a large number of people who rank close to each other in wealth, power, and prestige; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production or workers who sell their labor

44
Q

social construction of reality

A

the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real

45
Q

social institution

A

the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs

46
Q

social integration

A

the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds

47
Q

social interaction

A

what people do when they are in each other’s presence

48
Q

social structure

A

the framework that surrounds you, consisting of the relationship of people and groups to each other, which give direction to and set limits on behavior

49
Q

society

A

people who share a culture and a territory

50
Q

status

A

social ranking; the position that a person occupies in society or a social group

51
Q

status inconsistency

A

a contradiction or mismatch between statuses; a condition in which a person ranks high on some dimensions of social class and low on others

52
Q

status set

A

all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies

53
Q

status symbols

A

items used to identify a status

SOC101 (11 decks)

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