Lesson 1 - Intro And History Flashcards
Self taught veterinarian, trained “beautiful Jim”, coined phrase “be kind to animals”
Dr. William Key (late 1800s-early 1900s)
Prioritized production and efficiency for cheap; increase in disease transmission and welfare issues for animals in agriculture
Industrialization (1950s-1960s)
The only federal legislation “protecting” animals in agriculture developed in the 1950s (poultry exempt)
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (US) (1958)
Person and book that sparked public concern for farm animal welfare in the 1960s
Ruth Harrison, “Animal Machines” (1964)
Lead to formation of Brambell Committee (UK) and Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (UK); a result of the public outcry spurred by Ruth Harrison’s “Animal Machines”
Brambell Report (1965)
- Freedom from hunger and thirst
- Freedom from discomfort
- Freedom from pain, injury and disease
- Freedom to express normal behaviour
- Freedom from fear and distress
“Brambell’s Five Freedoms”, created by the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) (1979)
First US federal law regarding research animals; decades of amendments since being passed
Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (1966)
(Renamed Animal Welfare Act (AWA) in 1970)
REPLACEMENT: alternatives to animal use
REFINEMENT: minimize animals’ pain and distress by improving techniques
REDUCTION: reduce number of animals used
The Three R’s
Philosopher and bioethicist who created the first veterinary ethics course in 1978
Bernie Rollin
Definition: the ability of an animal to perform behaviors that are natural to them is directly correlated to their welfare (“the pigness of a pig, the dogness of a dog”); term coined in the 1990s
Telos
One of the first scientists to discuss stress in animals used for slaughter/production and develop an objective welfare scoring system for them; inventor of the cattle restraining system
Temple Grandin
Which act and amendment changed the definition of “animal” to specifically EXCLUDE birds, rats, and mice bred for use in research?
Animal Welfare Act (US) (2002 Amendment)
- Need for suitable environment
- Need for suitable diet/nutrition
- Need to be able to exhibit normal bx patterns
- Need to be housed with/apart from, other animals
- Need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury, disease
Five Animal Welfare Needs (Five Freedoms modified by Animal Welfare Act of 2006 (UK))
Law that seek to silence would-be whistleblowers and undercover activists by punishing them for recording footage of what goes on in animal agriculture; still exists in some US states
Ag-gag Laws (2011 to present)
These two words were added to the veterinarian oath in 2010:
“…protection of animal health and _______, the ___________ and relief of animal suffering…”
Welfare; Prevention
In 2016, the Five Freedoms had their name changed to…
Five Welfare Domains
True or False: Animal welfare guidelines prioritize the quality of an animal’s life over the quantity
True
Addresses legal and moral standing of animals in society
Animal rights
Deals with how and why one should take animals into account in moral decisions
Animal ethics
Helps us to understand the natural physical and psychological needs and experiences of animals
Science of animal welfare (and behavior)
Defined animal welfare as being how well an animal in coping with its living conditions. Additionally, defined a good state of welfare as an animal being healthy, comfortable, well-nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior, not suffering from pain, fear, and distress
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
Good state of animal welfare, as defined by the OIE
Animal is healthy, comfortable, well-nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior, not suffering from pain, fear, and distress
Association that said animal welfare refers to the state of the animal, and protecting an animal’s welfare means providing for physical and mental needs
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
