Lesson 1-how Did Mao Lead The Communists In The Early Stages Of The CCP? Flashcards
Define ‘Dialectician’.
A believer that life is essentially a struggle between opposites in which the more powerful always wins.
What is a ‘Marxist’?
A believe in the theories of Karl Marx (1818-83), who used the notion of dialectic to explain history.
What is the White Terror?
Chiang’s 1927 campaign of annihilation of the CCP
Who was the Red Army?
Name adopted for the CCP’s military forces.
Define ‘Comintern’.
The Communists international, the body set up in Moscow to organise international revolution by requiring Communist Parties to follow Soviet instructions.
Define ‘Leninism’.
The revolutionary theories of class war first formulated by Karl Marx and subsequently developed by Lenin.
Define the term ‘dialectic’.
The dynamic force that shapes the historical development of class war.
Who were the Urban Proletariat?
Industrial-working class, destined in Marxist analysis to be the final victor in the dialectic struggle.
What was the bourgeois stage?
Period in Marxist theory when the middle class, having overcome the previous feudal system, dominates society until the working-class revolution occurs.
Define ‘liberated’.
CCP’s term for the areas brought under its military and political control
Define ‘usury’.
Charging exorbitant (unreasonably high) interest on money loans.
Who were the Twenty-eight Bolsheviks?
Group of CCP members who had been trained in Moscow and returned to China with instructions to make the Party conform to Soviet concepts of urban revolution.
What position is Mao and the CCP on the political spectrum?
Far Left
What does CCP stand for?
Chinese Communist Party
Define Communism.
A theory or system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
What is Marxism?
Political and economic theories of German philosopher, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels later being formed into Communism
What does Marxism put forward?
the struggle between social classes—specifically between the bourgeoisie, or capitalists, and the proletariat, or workers—defines economic relations in a capitalist economy and will lead inevitably to a communist revolution.
What is the Dynasty Rule?
A sequence of rulers from the same family, often ruling as a monarch or emperor.
What years was the Dynasty Rule between?
C2200-1912
When was the fall of the Qing Dynasty/all Dynasty rule?
1912
When was the founding of the GMD?
1912
When was Yuan Shikai president in China?
1912
When was the Twenty-One Demands by Japan?
8th January 1915
When was the death of Yuan Shikai?
1916
When was the founding of the CCP?
1921
When was the death of Sun Yat-Sen?
1925
When was the Northern expidition?
1926-28
When was the White Terror/Shanghai Massacre?
1927
Who were the Twenty-One Demands from and to who?
Set of demands by the Empire of Japan to the Republic of China.
What is the GMD?
Guomindang
Nationalist Party
Who was Sun Yat-Sen?
President and founder of the republic of China.
Who was the Northern expedition led by?
Led by Chiang Kai-Shek, 1926-28.
What did the Northern expedition lead to?
Led to the end of the Warlord era and a reunification of China in 1928
Who is Chiang Kai-Shek?
Chinese military and political leader.
Head of the GMD.
What was the White Terror/Shanghai Massacre?
Violent suppression of Chinese Communists by Chiang Kai-Shek and the Chinese Nationalists.
With whose help was the CCP founded?
Soviet Russia
What type of party was the CCP?
Revolutionary
By the late 1920s, who was the CCP led by?
Mao Zedong
What is a Warlord?
a military leader who controls a country or, more frequently, an area within a country, esp. when the central government is not in control
After what event did the GMD turn savagely (violently) on the Communists?
After the defeat of Warlords during the United Front with the GMD.
Northern expedition
What was the First United Front in China?
formed so the GMD and the CCP could join to strengthen China.
The initial aim was to help defeat the warlord threat but both parties actually had ulterior motives with this alliance.
What is a United Front?
alliance of groups against their common enemies
By 1934 of the attacks from the GMD on the Communists, the Communists were nearly defeated but escaped to where and when?
A new Northern base in Yanan
1935
What was the Communists escaping to Yanan in 1935 known as?
The Long March
What did Mao attempt to do at Yanan?
Set up a Communist Soviet.
It was a Communist controlled area in which life is structured communally
What was Mao before his political career?
Peasant
From what province was Mao from?
Hunan
What type of young man did Mao grow up as?
Intensely patriotic
Define ‘patriotic’.
having or expressing devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country.
Between what years did Mao witness acts of great violence?
1912-1919
What did Mao believe a leader needed?
Total commitment to be able to succeed politically.
What did Mao say in regards to power?
‘Political power grows out the barrel of a gun.’
What was it which Mao believed that if he did not use it, he could not achieve anything?
Brutal and unyielding methods
What was Mao a follower of?
Marxism
What was Mao a believer of?
Dialectic
He was a dialectician.
In order, what were the key features of the dialectic?
Feudalism
Early Capitalism
Industrial Capitalism
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Classless society
Define ‘feudalism’.
a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.
What was industrial capitalism?
saw the rapid development of the factory system of production, characterized by much more rigid, complex, and intricate divisions of labor, both within and between production processes
Who were the winners of feudalism in the dialectic?
Landowners
Property-owning feudal lords
Who were the losers of feudalism in the dialectic?
Serfs (propertyless peasants)
Who were the winners of Early Capitalism in the dialectic?
Bourgeoisie (Merchants and bankers)
Who were the losers of Early Capitalism in the dialectic?
Landowners
Remains of the feudal class
Who were the winners of Industrial Capitalism in the dialectic?
Proletariat
(Industrial workers)
Who were the losers of Industrial Capitalism in the dialectic?
Bourgeoisie
(owners of industry and wealth)
Who were the winners of the dictatorship of the Proletariat in the dialectic?
Proletariat successful revolutionaries
Who were the losers of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the dialectic?
Reactionaries
(Remnants of defeated classes)
Between what years did Mao Zedong live?
1893-1976