Lesson 1: Evolution of Theories of Management

Question 1

act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.

Answer 1

Management

Question 2

Defined by _____

“Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated
objectives by the use of human beings and
other resources.”

Answer 2

George R. Terry

Question 3

Defined by _____

“To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control”

Answer 3

Henry Fayol

Question 4

Defined by _____

“Management is a multi-purpose
organ that manage business and manages
managers and manages workers and work.”

Answer 4

Peter Drucker

Question 5

Define by ____

"”Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups.”

Answer 5

Mary Parker Follett

Question 6

THREE TYPES OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES

Answer 6

1. Classical Management Theory
2. Behavioral Management Theory
3. Modern Management Theory

Question 7

The Industrial Revolution revolves around maximizing efficiency and production. Centralized leadership simplifies decision-making, and a meritocratic chain of commands provides order and oversight.

Answer 7

Classical Management Theory

Question 8

Addresses the organization’s human and social elements

Answer 8

Behavioral Management Theory

Question 9

Followed on the heels of World War II and combines mathematical principles with sociology to develop holistic approaches to management.

Answer 9

Modern Management Theory

Question 10

____________ help organizations to focus, communicate, and evolve It allows leadership to
focus on their main goals. It automatically streamlines the top
priorities for the organization when
implemented. It also allows us to
better communicate with people we work with which in turn allows us to work more efficiently.

Answer 10

Management theories

Question 11

The__________ led to a
shift from small-scale crafts
production to large-scale
mechanized manufacturing. This
change created new challenges for
managers, who needed to find ways
to improve efficiency and manage
social problems within their
organizations. Managers began to
focus on optimizing the worker-task
mix, which laid the foundation for
modern management techniques.

Answer 11

Industrial Revolution

Question 12

The Industrial Revolution is at the __________from the late 1700s through the early 1900s, the industrial revolution brought extraordinary change to the workplace and forever transformed by the way companies operate.
It brought better and faster technology allowing companies to perform more efficiently than ever before and gave them the ability to dramatically increase demand which in turn required more employees.
It gave birth to a variety of management theories and concepts, many of which are still relevant and essential in today’s workforce.

Answer 12

Center of Management Theory

Question 13

_____________developed and published his Scientific Management Theory in 1909. The father of scientific management, believed that
efficiency could be increased by studying and redesigning the work process. He developed four principles to achieve this

Answer 13

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 14

Principles of what?

1. workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers possess, and experiment with ways of improving the way tasks are performed.
2. Codify the new methods
   of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures.

3.Carefully select workers so that
they possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according
to the established rules and procedures.

4. Establish a fair or acceptable
   level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level.

Answer 14

Frederick Winslow Taylor Scientific Management four principles

Question 15

Believes that it is vital to find the most effective way to complete each and every task, no matter how small.

Tasks should be completed as efficiently as possible. Everyone should be assigned a particular job based on their skills and abilities and must be evaluated based on the quantity and quality of their work.

It is extremely important to monitor and train your employees on the tasks they are assigned to by ensuring your employees are efficient at their work. The output will be larger and of a higher quality.

Answer 15

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY

Question 16

The _______________refined Taylor’s
scientific management techniques by breaking down tasks into individual actions and analyzing them for efficiency. They studied how
workplace factors like lighting,
heating, and tool design contribute to fatigue and sought to improve these conditions. While scientific management led to increased efficiency and production, it also created repetitive and monotonous jobs, leading to worker dissatisfaction and resistance.

Answer 16

Gilbreths

Question 17

The study of how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.

Answer 17

Administrative Management

Question 18

ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY was Developed by __________ in the early 1900s and is considered to be highly relevant even today.

Answer 18

Henri Fayol

Question 19

Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management

Answer 19

1. Division of Labour
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Unity of Command
4. Line of Authority
5. Centralization
6. Unity of Direction
7. Equity
8. Order
9. Initiative
10. Discipline
11. Remuneration of Personnel
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel
13. Subordination of Individual Interests to the Common Interest
14. Esprit de Corps

Question 20

At the end of the 19th Century, Max Weber created the ____________.

Answer 20

bureaucratic management theory

Question 21

_____________ developed the principles of bureaucracy to help Germany manage its growing industrial enterprises during the industrial revolution. These principles aimed to create an efficient and effective system of organization and administration

Answer 21

Max Weber

Question 22

1. A manager’s _________ derives from the position he or she holds in the organization.
2. people should occupy positions because of their ________, not because of their social standing or personal contacts.
3. The extent of each position’s
   formal authority and task responsibilities, and its relationship to other positions in an organization, should be _________
4. So that authority can be exercised
   effectively in an organization, positions should be arranged ___________, so employees know whom to report to and who reports to them
5. Managers must create a well- defined system of rules, standard operating procedures, and norms so that they can___________ within an organization.

Answer 22

1. formal authority
2. performance
3. clearly specified
4. hierarchically
5. effectively control behaviour

Question 23

Principles of What?

1. Clearly Specified system of task and role relationships
2. System of written rules and standard operating procedures that specify how employees should behave
3. Selection and evaluation system that rewards employees fairly and equitably.
4. Clearly specified hierarchy of authority.

Answer 23

Weber’s principles of bureaucracy

Question 24

__________________provide guidelines
for behavior in organizations. While they are formal written instructions, ________ are unwritten codes of conduct. Bureaucratic systems rely on these guidelines to improve efficiency and effectiveness. However, excessive reliance on rules and procedures can hinder decision-making, and flexibility

Answer 24

1. Rules, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and norms
2. norms

Question 25

Effective managers use _________ to benefit their organizations, rather than letting them become obstacles.

Answer 25

bureaucratic principles

Question 26

The study of how managers should behave in order to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals.

Answer 26

Behavioural Management Theory

Question 27

a pioneer in management theory, emphasized the human side of organizations. She believed that workers should participate in job analysis and decision-making, as they possess valuable knowledge about their tasks.

Answer 27

Mary Parker Follett

Question 28

Centered around human interactions and relationships.

Answer 28

HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORY

Question 29

__________ believed that all early management theories only focused on how money affects employee performance. There were more factors that influenced how employees behaved and performed at work.

Answer 29

Elton Mayo

Question 30

The ________ studies revealed that factors like leadership style and group dynamics significantly influence worker performance. This led to
the emergence of the human relations movement, which emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing employee behavior to
improve productivity. The studies also highlighted the informal
organization within workplaces, where unwritten rules and norms can impact performance and potentially hinder organizational goals.

Answer 30

Hawthorne

Question 31

The finding that a manager’s behaviour or leadership approach can affect workers’ level of performance.

Answer 31

Hawthorne Effect

Question 32

The study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.

Answer 32

Organizational Behaviour

Question 33

Advocates of the idea that supervisors be behaviourally trained to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity.

Answer 33

Human Relations Movement

Question 34

The system of behavioural rules and norms that emerge in a group.

Answer 34

Informal Organization