Lesson 1 - Concepts of Medical Hygiene

Question 1

Define health

Answer 1

The state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity

Question 2

Define hygiene

Answer 2

The science of preventing disease and promoting health instead

Question 3

What is an infectious agent?

Answer 3

It is anything that can be transmitted from one person to the other, or from the environment to a person, which will cause the individual to have an infection or parasitic infection

Question 4

What are the five different categories of infectous agents?

Answer 4

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, helminths (worms), and protozoa

Question 5

What is a pathogen?

Answer 5

an organism that causes disease

Question 6

What is meant by ‘colonization’?

Answer 6

It is bacteria that lives in or on our human bodies and organs, however they are harmless and necessary for normal functions (overgrowth of dangerous bacteria)

Question 7

What are healthcare associated infections?

Answer 7

When people get infected while they are receiving heath care for another condition

Question 8

State the 4 most common health care associated infections

Answer 8

Urinary tract infection, bloodstream infection, surgical site infection, and ventilator associated events

Question 9

How are health care associated infections prevented?

Answer 9

Policies and procedures, hand hygiene by all staff and patients, consistently sanitize and clean health care environment and equipment

Question 9

Define Universal Precautions

Answer 9

An approachto infection control to treat all human blood and bodily fluids as if they have bloodborne pathogens

Question 10

What are the methods of infection control?

Answer 10

Hand hygiene, gloves, facial protection, gown, preventing needles and injuries from someone else, coughing etiquette, Respiratpry hygiene, environmental cleaning, and linens

Question 10

What are bloodborne pathogens?

Answer 10

micro organisms that can be found in human blood which can cause disease

Question 10

What are the bodily fluids that we are universally careful towards?

Answer 10

blood, semen and vaginal secretions, Cerebrospinal (CSF), synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial, and amniotic fluid

Question 11

How are blood borne pathogens spread?

Answer 11

Direct contact, indirect contact, respiratory droplet transmission, vector borne transmissions (a persons skin is penetrated by an infectious source, like an insect bite)

Question 11

What are the universal precautions?

Answer 11

Use disposable gloves and protective barriers, washing and cleaning all surfaces that are contaminated with bodily fluids or blood immediately, changing gloves between patients

Question 12

What are the 10 standard infection control percautions?

Answer 12

Hand hygiene, respiratory and cough hygiene, personal protective equipment, safe managment of equipment, safe managment of environment, safe mangment of blood and body fluids, safe managment of linen, safe disposal of waste, occupational safety and exposure, and patient ssessment for infection rusk

Question 13

What are the kinds of contact transmission?

Answer 13

Direct and indirect

Question 14

What is direct contact transmission?

Answer 14

the direct contact between body surface to body surface physically, allowing microorganisms to tranfer to the susceptible individual

Question 15

What is indirect contact transmission?

Answer 15

When a susceptible person touches an infected object (caused by poor hand hygiene)

Question 16

How can contact transmission be prevented

Answer 16

By wearing gloves, changing gloves between patients, wearing gowns, washing hands

Question 17

Define parenteral transmission

Answer 17

When a pathogen is transferred in way other than through the digestive system

Question 18

What are examples of parenteral transmission?

Answer 18

Respiratory tract, the bloodstream, or genital or urinary tract,

Question 19

How do you protect yourself from parenteral transmission?

Answer 19

Hand wash before going in and before leaving, put on a gown and gloves, and remove the glove and gown before leaving the room

Question 20

Define droplet transmission

Answer 20

When a pathogen is transferred via the droplet of a sneeze or cough

Question 21

What are examples of droplet transmission?

Answer 21

flu, pertussis, mumps, and respiratory illnesses

Question 22

What is airborne transmission?

Answer 22

when the pathogen is being transferred in small respiratory droplets that become aerosolized.

Question 23

What are examples of Airborne transmission?

Answer 23

measles and chickenpox

Question 24

How can we protect ourselves from airborne transmission?

Answer 24

hand hygiene, use of protective equipment, and respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette

Question 25

What are the symptoms of infection?

Answer 25

Heat
Pain
swelling
redness
puss
feeling of general malaise
Gastrointestinal infections—>abdominal pain, tenderness, diarrhea, and vomiting
Urinary tract infection —> abdominal discomfort, and confusion

Question 26

Define isolation

Answer 26

when the ill people are separated from the people that are not ill

Question 27

Define quarantine

Answer 27

When people who have been exposed to the disease are isolated and their movement are restricted

Question 28

Define cohorting

Answer 28

When people who are infected with the same disease are placed in the same room