Lesson 1 - Cellular Transport Flashcards
the amount of solute in a solution
Concentration
the dissolved substance in a solution
Solute
a mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly
Solution
the gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions
Concentration gradient
ALL cells have a cell membrane made of ____ and _____
Proteins and Lipids
SOME cells have cell membranes and
____ _____ – ex: plants, fungi
and bacteria
Cell Walls
Plant cells have a cell wall
made of _______ – that
cellulose is _____ in our diet
Cellulose, Fiber
____ and ______ also
have cell walls, but they
do NOT contain cellulose
Bacteria and Fungi
Cell membranes and cell
walls are ______ allowing
water, carbon dioxide,
oxygen and _______ to
pass through easily
Porous, Nutrients
Cell membrane separates the components of a cell
from its ________—surrounds the cell
Environment
“Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell—
_______ _________
—Selectively Permeable
Cell membrane helps cells maintain
________—stable internal _______
Homeostatis, Balance
Why is Cell Transport Important?
________- maintaining a steady state
__________- chemical reactions that convert “food” into energy
Homeostasis, Metabolism
Cell Transport helps cells achieve ______- when concentrations of molecules of a substance are the same everywhere
Equilibrium
All matter is made up of atoms or molecules, and these particles are constantly moving in a straight line until they collide with another atom or with something else.
Brownian Motion
This key component of cell that function in cell transport contains Phospholipid Bilayers
Cell Membrane
This key component of cell that function in cell transport consists of an aqueous solution that contains materials
Cytoplasm
This key component of cell that function in cell transport consists of the powerhouse of the cell (generates Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP from the glucose it takes)
Mitochondria
carries protein hemoglobin that
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from cells
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Transport Concepts
______ - No Energy Needed
______ - Energy Needed
Passive, Active
Types of Cellular Transport
Passive Transport - cell doesn’t use energy
Three Passive Transport Methods
1.
2.
3.
Three Passive Transport Methods
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
Types of Cellular Transport
Active Transport - cell doesn’t use energy
Three Active Transport Methods
1.
2.
3.
Three Active Transport Methods
1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane until equilibrium is reached
These particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION)
Diffusion
is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane
Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION)
Osmosis
the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane - larger molecules must be “helped”
Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to pass through
Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein channels
Facilitated Diffusion
contains a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in this solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel
Hypertonic Solutions
contains a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode
Hypotonic Solutions
contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When a cell is
placed in this, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is ______
Isotonic Solutions
is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration
Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient
Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW to HIGH concentration.
Active Transport
Two Types of Active Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
- process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells
- enclosed by portion of cell that folds in on itself creating a pouch called a vesicle
Endocytosis
Two Types of Endocytosis
_______ - “cell drinking” – involves
transport of solutes or fluids
_______ - “cell eating” – movement of
large molecules or whole cells into a cell
*animal cells ingest bacteria and destroy them via phagocytosis
Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis
______ - vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with
cell membrane releasing contents into
external environment
- Remember this is how proteins leave cell
- Nervous and endocrine systems use this to release small molecules that control activities of other cells
Exocytosis
Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which ______ ________ molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell
very large molecules
Food is moved ____ _____
cell by Endocytosis
into the cell
Wastes are moved ____ ___ ____ cell by
Exocytosis
out of the cell
_____ _____ _____, which are part of the immune system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis
White Blood Cells
diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
- Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane
Osmosis
This solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (_______)
Hypotonic Solution, Cytolysis
This solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (________)
Hypertonic Solution, Plasmolysis
This concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (_________ __________)
Isotonic Solution, Dynamic Equilibrium
- Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called _____ _______.
Tugor Pressure
- A protist like __________ has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding.
Paramecium
-
_____ water fish pump salt out of their _________ _____ so they
do not dehydrate.
Salt Water Fish, Specialized Gills
- ______ cells are bathed in blood. _______ keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water
Animal Cells, Kidneys
