Lesson 1 - Cellular Transport

Question 1

the amount of solute in a solution

Answer 1

Concentration

Question 2

the dissolved substance in a solution

Answer 2

Solute

Question 3

a mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly

Answer 3

Solution

Question 4

the gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions

Answer 4

Concentration gradient

Question 5

ALL cells have a cell membrane made of ____ and _____

Answer 5

Proteins and Lipids

Question 6

SOME cells have cell membranes and
____ _____ – ex: plants, fungi
and bacteria

Answer 6

Cell Walls

Question 7

Plant cells have a cell wall
made of _______ – that
cellulose is _____ in our diet

Answer 7

Cellulose, Fiber

Question 8

____ and ______ also
have cell walls, but they
do NOT contain cellulose

Answer 8

Bacteria and Fungi

Question 9

Cell membranes and cell
walls are ______ allowing
water, carbon dioxide,
oxygen and _______ to
pass through easily

Answer 9

Porous, Nutrients

Question 10

Cell membrane separates the components of a cell
from its ________—surrounds the cell

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

“Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell—
_______ _________

Answer 11

—Selectively Permeable

Question 12

Cell membrane helps cells maintain
________—stable internal _______

Answer 12

Homeostatis, Balance

Question 13

Why is Cell Transport Important?

________- maintaining a steady state
__________- chemical reactions that convert “food” into energy

Answer 13

Homeostasis, Metabolism

Question 14

Cell Transport helps cells achieve ______- when concentrations of molecules of a substance are the same everywhere

Answer 14

Equilibrium

Question 15

All matter is made up of atoms or molecules, and these particles are constantly moving in a straight line until they collide with another atom or with something else.

Answer 15

Brownian Motion

Question 16

This key component of cell that function in cell transport contains Phospholipid Bilayers

Answer 16

Cell Membrane

Question 17

This key component of cell that function in cell transport consists of an aqueous solution that contains materials

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

This key component of cell that function in cell transport consists of the powerhouse of the cell (generates Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP from the glucose it takes)

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

carries protein hemoglobin that
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from cells

Answer 19

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Question 20

Transport Concepts

______ - No Energy Needed

______ - Energy Needed

Answer 20

Passive, Active

Question 21

Types of Cellular Transport
Passive Transport - cell doesn’t use energy

Three Passive Transport Methods
1.
2.
3.

Answer 21

Three Passive Transport Methods
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis

Question 22

Types of Cellular Transport
Active Transport - cell doesn’t use energy

Three Active Transport Methods
1.
2.
3.

Answer 22

Three Active Transport Methods
1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis

Question 23

is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane until equilibrium is reached

These particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION)

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane

Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION)

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane - larger molecules must be “helped” Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to pass through Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein channels

Answer 25

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 26

contains a **high concentration** of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in this solution, the water diffuses **out** of the cell, causing the cell to **shrivel**

Answer 26

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 27

contains a **low concentration** of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses **into** the cell, causing the cell to **swell** and possibly **explode**

Answer 27

Hypotonic Solutions

Question 28

contain the **same concentration** of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in this, the water diffuses **into and out** of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is ______

Answer 28

Isotonic Solutions

Question 29

is the movement of molecules from **LOW to HIGH** concentration **Energy is required** as molecules must be **pumped against** the concentration gradient Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from **LOW to HIGH** concentration.

Answer 29

Active Transport

Question 30

Two Types of Active Transport

Answer 30

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 31

- process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells - enclosed by portion of cell that folds in on itself creating a pouch called a **vesicle**

Answer 31

Endocytosis

Question 32

Two Types of Endocytosis _______ - “cell drinking” – involves transport of solutes or fluids _______ - “cell eating” – movement of large molecules or whole cells into a cell *animal cells ingest bacteria and destroy them via phagocytosis

Answer 32

Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis

Question 33

______ - vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane releasing contents into external environment - Remember this is how proteins leave cell - Nervous and endocrine systems use this to release small molecules that control activities of other cells

Answer 33

Exocytosis

Question 34

Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which ______ ________ molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell

Answer 34

very large molecules

Question 35

Food is moved ____ _____ cell by **Endo**cytosis

Answer 35

into the cell

Question 36

Wastes are moved ____ ___ ____ cell by **Exo**cytosis

Answer 36

out of the cell

Question 37

_____ _____ _____, which are part of the immune system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis

Answer 37

White Blood Cells

Question 38

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane - Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane

Answer 38

Osmosis

Question 39

This solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water) Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (_______)

Answer 39

Hypotonic Solution, Cytolysis

Question 40

This solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water) Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (________)

Answer 40

Hypertonic Solution, Plasmolysis

Question 41

This concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (_________ __________)

Answer 41

Isotonic Solution, Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 42

- **Bacteria and plants** have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called _____ _______.

Answer 42

Tugor Pressure

Question 43

- A **protist** like __________ has **contractile vacuoles** that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding.

Answer 43

Paramecium

Question 44

- **_____ water fish** pump salt out of their _________ _____ so they do not dehydrate.

Answer 44

Salt Water Fish, Specialized Gills

Question 45

- ______ cells are bathed in **blood**. _______ keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water

Answer 45

Animal Cells, Kidneys