Lesson 1: Cell Theory And Organelles

Question 1

Cell theories

Answer 1

•cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
•cell is the smallest unit of life
•study of cell is cytology
[Second part theories]:•all organism are composed of one or more cell
•cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
•all cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells

Question 2

What are the modern cell theories?

Answer 2

•cell contains hereditary information(DNA)
•all cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities
•all basic and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells
•cell activity depends on the activities of sub cellular structures

Question 3

Two types of cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Question 4

Contains a nucleus and prokaryotic do not

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cells

Question 5

Are single celled organisms while eukaryotes can be either single or multi-celled

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

Cells for the forms form of life on earth they are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells

Question 7

Have specialized organelles in the cytoplasm a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes there cell division occurs by mitosis and meiosis e.g plants animals fungi protozoa and algae

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cell

Question 8

This cells are larger than a typical prokaryote and can be as much as thousand times greater in volume

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells

Question 9

What is the cell wall of prokaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Peptidoglycan

Question 10

the cell wall of eukaryotic is called?

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Founder of microscope they experimented with two lenses placed in a tube and invented the compound microscope

Answer 11

Hans&Zacharias janssen

Question 12

Discovered the cell through his observation on a slice of cork under the compound microscope the cork was made up of many tiny units room like structure which then he named cell

Answer 12

Robert hooke

Question 13

Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered single-celled organisms he called them animalcules he also observed look cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans.

Answer 13

Anton van Leeuwenhoek(1673)

Question 14

Became first to observe living cells

Answer 14

Anthon van Leeuwenhoek

Question 15

(Development of cell theory)Stated that cells are the building blocks of all plants and that an embryonic plant arose from one single cell or concluded that all plants are made of cells

Answer 15

Matthias Jakob schleiden

Question 16

(Development of cell theory) Discovered and stated that cells are the fundamental units of animals or stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells

Answer 16

Theodor schwann

Question 17

Concluded that cells must arise from pre-existing cells

Answer 17

Rudolf virchow

Question 18

Organelles without membrane are? They are present both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

•cell wall
•ribosomes
•cytoskeleton

Question 19

Single membrane bound organelles are? Present only in a eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

•vacuole
•lysosome
•golgi apparatus
•endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Double membrane bound organelles are? Present only in eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

•nucleus
•mitochondria
•chloroplast

Question 21

Some organelles that are absent or present in prokaryotic

Answer 21

Mitochondria absent,chloroplast absent, golgi bodies absent, endoplasmic plasmic reticulum absent, membrane-bound vacuoles absent, peptidoglycan present pseudopodia absent

Question 22

Some organelles that present or absent in eukaryotic

Answer 22

Mitochondria present,chloroplast may be absent, golgi bodies present, endoplasmic plasmic reticulum present,membrane-bound vacuoles present,absence of peptidoglycan, pseudopodia present.

Question 23

Is found in the central part of the cell a darkened regions called the nucleoid

Answer 23

Prokaryotic dna

Question 24

Cell wall made of sugars and amino acids

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

Question 25

Has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments

Answer 25

Eukaryotic cell

Question 26

It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cells which is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins

Answer 26

Plasma membrane

Question 27

Jelly-like substance is found between the cell membrane and nucleus they are mainly composed of water organic and inorganic compounds at present in both plant and animal cells

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

This cell organelles contain enzymes mainly responsible for controlling all metabolic activity taking place within the cell and are the site for most of the chemical reactions within the cell

Answer 28

Cytoplasm

Question 29

Is a double membrane organelle found in all eukaryotic cell it is the largest organelle which function as the control center of the cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cells dna

Answer 29

Nucleus

Question 30

A thin and thread like structures which carry another important structure called genes are hereditary unit in organisms it help the inheritance of traits from one generation to another

Answer 30

Chromosome

Question 31

Is a network of membranous canals filled with fluid they are transport system of the cell involved in transporting materials throughout the cell

Answer 31

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

They are composed of cisternae tubules and vesicles which are found throughout the cell and are involved in protein manufacturer

Answer 32

Rough ER

Question 33

They are the storage organelle associated with the production of lipids steroids and also responsible for detoxifying the cell

Answer 33

Smooth ER

Question 34

Are called the powerhouse of the cell as they produce energy rich molecules for the cell it is a double membrane bound sausage shaped organelle found in almost all eukaryotic cells

Answer 34

Mitochondria

Question 35

Are large membrane-bound organelles which contain pigments based on the type of pigments

Answer 35

Plastids are double membrane bound organelles which usually very and their shape from a desk shape to spiracle discoid oval and ribbon

Question 36

are double membrane bound organelles which usually very and their shape from a desk shape to spiracle discoid oval and ribbon

Answer 36

Chloroplast

Question 37

Include fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like xanthophylls corotene which provide the plants with their characteristic color yellow orange red

Answer 37

Chromoplast

Question 38

Are colorless plastids which stores nutrients

Answer 38

Leucoplast

Question 39

protein synthesis in all living cells that ensure the survival of the self and associated with the ER

Answer 39

Ribosomes

Question 40

Composed of a series of flattened stock pouches called cisternae. organelle is primary responsible for transporting modifying and packaging proteins and lipids of the targeted destinations

Answer 40

Golgi apparatus

Question 41

A continuous network of filamentous protein structures that run throughout the cytoplasm from the nucleus to the cell membrane can divide rapidly or d assemble depending on the requirement of cells providing the shape and mechanical resistance to the cell

Answer 41

Cytoskeleton

Question 42

Are hairlike projections

Answer 42

Cilia

Question 43

Are whiplike are slightly bigger and are responsible for cell movement

Answer 43

Flagella

Question 44

Made up of two mutually perpendicular structures known as centrioles

Answer 44

Centrosome

Question 45

Defined as storage bubbles there are fluid-filled organelle is enclosed by a membrane stores the food or variety of nutrients stores waste

Answer 45

Vacuoles