Cell Model:Bacteria

Question 1

•have no defined nucleus
•divide by binary fission
•contain very little specialization within the cell

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria)

Question 2

•have a distinct nucleus
•replicate by mitosis&meiosis
•have a specialized membrane enclosed organelles(e.g. mitochondria)

Answer 2

Eukaryote cells (animals&plants)

Question 3

Is region within bacteria visible in transmission electron micrographs.

Answer 3

Nucleoid

Question 4

Most of the DNA is found here along with some RNA& proteins

Answer 4

Nucleoid

Question 5

Unlike the eukaryotic nucleus the nucleoid is not bounded by a memberane

Answer 5

Nucleoid

Question 6

Is the bacterial “chromosome” contained In the nucleoid region

Answer 6

Genophore

Question 7

The usually circular Genophore consist of double stranded DNA& contains most of the genetic material of the organism (see:plasmid)

Answer 7

A fact about:genophore

Question 8

Are small circular DNA fragments found in the cytoplasm

Answer 8

Plasmid

Question 9

?contain code responsible for antibiotic resistance&other characteristics

Answer 9

Plasmid

Question 10

A fact:plasmid& associated traits can be transferred between bacteria even from one bacterial species to another

Answer 10

A fact:true

Question 11

•Nutrients and reserves may be stored in these cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 11

Storage granules

Question 12

Stored nutrients include glycogen,lipids,polyphosphate, or in some cases sulfur or nitrogen

Answer 12

Storage granules

Question 13

Give the cytoplasm a granular appearance in electron micrographs

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

Bacterial ribosomes are smaller than in eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

A fact about: ribosomes

Question 15

As in eukaryotes ? Are the site for messenger RNA translation into proteins

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

Is the internal soup of the cell that is bounded on the outside by the cell envelope

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

? Is made of polysaccharides& sometimes proteins

Answer 17

Capsule

Question 18

It can protect the cell and is often associated with pathogenic bacteria

Answer 18

Capsule

Question 19

The capsule on some bacteria acts as a barrier against phagocytosis by white blood cells with resulting bacterial survival within the host

Answer 19

A fact about:capsule

Question 20

Capsules can be seen by viewing in ?

Answer 20

India ink

Question 21

An outer membrane (OM) is present in gram positive bacteria

Answer 21

Cell envelope(outer membrane short OM)

Question 22

It is a phospholipid bilayer that contains lipopolysaccharide in short (LPS) on its outside surface

Answer 22

Cell envelope (OM)

Question 23

LPS is toxic and can stimulate that host immune response

Answer 23

Fact about:LPS

Question 24

OM proteins transmit environmental signals to the cell,transportaterials and acts as enzymes

Answer 24

OM proteins

Question 25

Found only in gram negative bacteria between the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane •this space contains the cell wall

Answer 25

Cell membrane(periplasmic space)

Question 26

The bacterial? Is composed of peptidoglycan which maintains cell shape&can stimulate a host immune response •the gram positive cell wall stains blue with crystal violet

Answer 26

Cell envelope(cell wall)

Question 27

In gram negative bacteria the outer membrane prevents the crystal violet from straining the inner cell wall. Hence these bacteria stain red with the counterstain safranin

Answer 27

A fact about cell membrane(CW)

Question 28

•Is a phospholipid bilayer •The function of this membrane is the transport of materials between the cells cytoplasm& surrounding environment

Answer 28

•cytoplasmic membrane(CM) •cell envelope (CM)

Question 29

•These are like hollow hairlike structures made of protein

Answer 29

Pili,fimbriae

Question 30

•bacteria attach to other cells via pili •sex pili allow the transfer of plasmid DNA between bacterial cells sometimes this process results in transfer of antibiotic resistance

Answer 30

A fact about:pili fimbriae

Question 31

•These are long appendages containing microtubules used for motility •they rotate by means by a "motor" located just under the cytoplasmic membrane • a fact:bacteria can have a single,a few or many flagella

Answer 31

Flagella

Question 32

Shapes of bacteria?

Answer 32

•cocci •rods •spirals

Question 33

Gram positive bacteria examples:?

Answer 33

•bacillus •listeria •actinomyces •lactobacillus

Question 34

Gram negative bacteria examples:?

Answer 34

•borrelia •E.coli •vibrio •salmonella