LESSON 1 AND 2 Flashcards
Philosophy originally meant ________________.
“love of wisdom”
Philosophy is a ________ because the investigation is systematic.
Science
Philosophers uses their natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.
Natural light of Reason
He questions almost everything, if not everything,
Study of all things
It is a multidimensional or holistic.
study of all things
a principle is that from which something proceeds in any manner.
First cause of higher principle
The 4 First cause of higher principle
Principle of Identity
“ Non-contradiction
“ Excluded Middle
“ Sufficient Reason
Whatever is, is. and whatever is not, is not.
Everything is what it is.
Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.
Principle of Identity
it is impossible for a things to be and not to be at the same time and at the same respect
Principle of Non-Contradiction
a thing is either is or is not. Everything must be either be or not be.
Between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible.
Principle of Excluded Middle
nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.
Principle of Sufficient Reason
4 branches of Philosophy
Epistemology
Metaphysics
Logic
Ethics/Axiology
Aesthetics
The knowledge of all things through their ultimate causes, acquired through the use of reason
Philosophy
Philos means?
Love
Sophia means?
Wisdom
“Philosophy studies all things”, thus all aspects of reality can be the object of philosophical study.
Material object of Philosophy
“Through their ultimate causes”, seeking the deepest explanation regarding the existence and nature of beings.
Formal Object of Philosophy
“Acquired through the use of reasons”, seeking the ultimate explanation that can be arrived at by applying reasoning to facts supplied by experience.
Natural Scope of Philosophy
Studies the nature of knowledge
Epistemology
studies and ask questions about the essence and existence of a being.
metaphysics
concerned with “reasoning” or truth
logic
concerns the matter of value/morality
Ethics/axiology
Explore the nature of art, beauty and taste.
Aesthetics
is really an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
Metaphysics
A Greek philosopher, that claims everything is water and everything we experience is water-which we call “reality” everything else is appearance.
Thales
Socrates famous student- Nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real. Reality is just the opposite. It is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect.
Plato
the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions, generally a study of the nature of moral judgements.
Ethics
“to be happy is to live in a virtuous life”
Socrates
deals with nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge.
Epistemology
general ideas are formed from the examination of the particular facts.
Induction method
is the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience.
Empiricism
D. The term “_______” comes from the Greek word ____, and reasoning is the concern of the logician.
Logic
loglike
It concerned the truth or the validity of arguments regarding such subjects.
logic
is the science of beauty in its various manifestations—including sublime, comic, tragic and ugly.
Aesthetics
It vitalizes our knowledge—part of a play, a poem, story to give us insight, to help us see new relationship between separated items in our memories.
It helps us to live more deeply and richly- work of art, books, music, painting or television show.
It brings us in touch with our culture.
Aesthetics
Who founded phenomenology?
Edmund Husserl
the scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness
phenomenology
is a defect in an argument other than it having false premises.
Fallacy
Kind of appeal to emotion
Appeal to pity
a claim in the absence of evidence. No definite proof.
appeal to ignorance
words used in multiple meanings leading to confusion or false conclusions
words used in multiple meanings leading to confusion or false conclusions
what is true for a particular one can be a truth by a whole.
Composition.
taking an attribute of a whole or a class and assuming that it must also necessarily true of each part or member
Division
criticizing the persons themselves rather than their beliefs or ideas.
Against the person
appeals intimidation or use force to gain acceptance.
Appeal to force
assumed that true events are related.
False cause
when someone reaches a conclusions that is based on too little evidence.
hasty generalizations
assumes that the statement is self-evident , but it requires proof.
begging the question
