Lesson 1 - Aamodt + Future Trends Flashcards
A branch of psychology that applies the principle of psychology to the workplace
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Major Fields of I/O Psychology
Personnel Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Human factor / Ergonomics
Studies and practices in such areas as analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employees, determining salary levels, training employees, and evaluating employee performance.
Personnel Psychology
Analyzes jobs to obtain a complete picture of what each employee does
Personnel Psychology
Concerned with the issues of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, organizational communication, conflict management, organizational change, and group processes
Organizational Psychology
Often conduct surveys of employee attitudes to get ideas about what employees believe are an organization’s strengths and weaknesses
Organizational psychologists
Concentrates on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress
Human Factors
I/O Psychology possible beginning years
1903
1910
1911
It is argued that I/O Psychology started in 1903 when…
Walter Dill Scott wrote The Theory of Advertising
It is argued that I/O Psychology started in 1910 when…
Hugo Munsterberg wrote Psychology and Industrial Efficiency
It is argued that I/O Psychology started in 1911 when…
Walter Dill Scott wrote the book Increasing Human Efficiency in Business
Common terms for I/O Psych prior to World War 1
Economic Psychology
Business Psychology
Employment Psychology
I/O Psychology Test for recruits during World War 1
Army Alpha & Army Beta
Developed Perceptual and motor tests for potential pilots
John Watson
Responsible for increasing efficiency with which cargo ships were built, repaired, and loaded
Henry Gantt
The first scientists to improve productivity and reduce fatigue by studying the motions used by workers.
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Demonstrated that employee behavior was complex and that the interpersonal interactions between managers and employees played a tremendous role in employee behavior.
Hawthorne studies
Employees changed their behavior and became more productive because they received attention from their managers
Hawthorne Effect
1960’s were characterized by several pieces of civil rights legislation which focused…
HR professionals on developing fair selection techniques
1960’s were also characterized by the use of ____________ and __________
Sensitivity Training & T-Groups (Laboratory training groups)
Resulted in the increased use of behavior-modification techniques in organizations
B.F Skinner’s Beyond Freedom and Dignity
4 Major Changes in the 1980’s and 1990’s
- Increased use of statistical techniques and method analysis
- Application of Cognitive Psychology to Industry
- Increased interest in the effects of work on family life and leisure activities
- Renewed interest in developing methods to select employees
Greatest influence on I/O Psychology in the 2000’s
Rapid advances in technology
Most important reason for reliance on research in I/O Psychology
Research ultimately saves organizations money
there is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong, there appears to be no best solution, and there are both positive and negative consequences to a decision
Type A Dilemma
also called rationalizing dilemma, individuals know what is right but choose the most advantageous solution for themselves
Type B Dilemma
Four Future Trends According to Riggio
- The Changing Nature of Work
- Expanding Focus on Human Resources
- Increasing Diversity and Globalization of the Workplace
- Increasing Relevance of I/O Psychology
A strategy of reducing an organization’s workforce to improve organizational efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness.
Organizational Downsizing
Contracting with an external organization to accomplish tasks that were previously done, or could be done, within the organization
Outsourcing
