Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is esxi used for?
facilitate centralized management for enterprise desktops and data center applications.
Setting up storage (esxi), never install local, we install them on an ________, which is what system boots from
sd card
How does esxi save data?
Will write whatever is in memory to a file on a portable disk
What are the 4 different types of Virtualization?
Server Virtualization,
Network Virtualization,
Storage Virtualization,
Desktop Virtualization
What runs on a server?
applications
What is it when all infrastructure is virtualized and automated by the software?
Software defined data center
What are two key features of a Software defined data center?
Can automate redundant things, and make it more self serve
Put policies in place, takes 15 seconds to change policies
What is Vsphere and cloud computing?
Efficient pooling of an on demand, self-managed, and virtual infrastructure.
ex: Hybrid, some resources private, some public, often not common
What is Cpu virtualization-?
Operating System assumes ownership of all physical cpus in the system
Emphasizes performance and runs directly on available ram
What is Physical architecture for Cpu virtualization?
application in operating system, all share same space
What is Virtual architecture for Cpu virtualization?
app and OS in Vsphere (each having different space on system (1g, 4g))
In this environment if you overload memory, the other memory writes to disk so the app can run, never want contention for memory, always want enough space
Virtual ________ _________and virtual _________ are key virtual networking components
ethernet adapters, switches
VMware Sphere VMFS enables a __________ storage architecture, allowing multiple ESXI’ hosts to read or write to the shared storage concurrently
distributed
What controls the storage, and can either block or file IO?
VMware- hypervisor
Virtual machine files are stored in directories on a?
VMFS
Virtual Machine File System
what does VMFS stand for?
Virtual Machine File System
First steps to configuring ESXI-
first can change root password
DCUI enables you to change host name, configure keyboard,
enable SSH,
esxi time out (for security if someone stays logged in)
Remote access settings:Security profile
What are the three different security profiles
ESXi Shell
SSH
Direct Console UI
What is a Normal lockdown?
normal does not allow remote connection, can secure shell during lockdown
What is a strip lockdown?
DCUI service is also stopped, becomes remotely unmanageable
Esxi is installable on?
hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, STADOM, SSD, and diskless hosts
What are challenges of Traditional architecture?
- Poor use of physical resources
- High management and maintenance costs
- High physical infrastructure costs
- Provisioning challenges
- Insufficient failover and poor disaster protection
What are benefits of Virtual architecture ?
- Expanded use of physical resources
- Reduced management and maintenance costs
- Improved desktop manageability and security
- Increased availability of applications
- Increased operational flexibility
what is it called when Instead of the one-to-one relationship in a physical infrastructure you can have a many-to-one relationship with virtualization.
consolidation
What are some Virtual Machine Components?
Operating system VMware Tools™ Virtual resources, such as: – CPU and memory –Network adapters -Disks and controllers -Parallel and serial ports
What are some benefits over using a vm opposed to physical hardware?
Easy to move or copy • Encapsulated into files • Independent of physical hardware Easy to manage • Isolated from other virtual machines running on same physical hardware • Insulated from physical hardware changes
________ __________ is a model
for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, and on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources.
cloud computing
A virtualized host interacts with installed hardware through a thin layer of software called the virtualization layer or ____________
hypervisor
With the VMware virtual networking, you can link local virtual machines together and link local virtual machines to the external network through a __________ ________.
virtual switch
A virtual switch, like a physical Ethernet switch, forwards frames at the ____ ______ layer
data link
You can use which 3 tool to interact with a vSphere environment?
VMware Host Client™,
vSphere Client,
and vSphere Web Client
What is Kernel module integrity in relation to esxi?
Digital signing ensures the integrity and authenticity of modules, drivers, and applications as they are loaded by the VMkernel
What are Lockdown modes ?
disables login and API functions from being executed directly on an ESXi host
What is a Trusted Platform Module?
A hardware element that creates a trusted platform. This element affirms that the boot process and all drivers loaded are genuine.
What is UEFI secure boot ?
This feature is for systems that support UEFI secure boot firmware which contains a digital certificate that the VMware Infrastructure Bundles (VIBs) chain to.
At boot time, a verifier is started before other processes and it will check the VIB’s chain to the certificate in the firmware.
Each powered-on virtual machine has its own dedicated ________ that is responsible for presenting virtual hardware to the virtual machine and receiving requests.
VMM Virtual Machine Monitor
You use the _________ to configure certain settings for ESXi hosts. (4 words or one acronym)
Direct Console User Interface (DCUI)
If _______ lockdown mode is enabled, only the root user is authorized to log in to the DCUI
normal
In strict lockdown mode, the ESXi host can be accessed only through ________ ________ .
vCenter Server- only by someone with admin privileges
Best Practices for Managing User Accounts on esxi?
Strictly control root privileges to ESXi hosts.
• Create strong root account passwords that have at least eight characters.
• Manage ESXi hosts centrally through the vCenter server system by using the appropriate vSphere client.
• Minimize the use of local users on ESXi hosts:
–Add the ESXi hosts to Active Directory and add the relevant administrator users to the ESX Admins domain group.
- If local users are created, manage them centrally using the esxcli command in vSphere CLI.
vSphere Web Client and vSphere Client:
clients used to connect to the vCenter Server in order to centrally manage your ESXi hosts.
When an ESXi host is managed by vCenter Server, administrators should always use vCenter Server and the vSphere clients to manage that host.
vCenter Server database:
The vCenter Server database is the most critical component. The database stores the inventory items, security roles, resource pools, performance data, and other critical information for vCenter Server.
