lesson 1-2 Flashcards
is the application of science and math to solve complex
problems.
Engineering
figure out how things work and find practical uses for scientific
discoveries.
Engineers
The Fields of Engineering
- Research
- Design and development
- Testing
- Manufacturing
- Construction
- Sales
- Consulting
- Government
- Teaching
- Management
- Etc
The process of deciding the best way to use an organization’s resources to
produce goods or provide services.
Good decisions, communicate well with people, make work assignments,
delegate, plan, train people, motivate people, appraise employee’s job
performance
MANAGEMENT
is a specialized form of management
required to successfully lead engineering or technical personnel and
projects and applies to either functional management or project
management.
Engineering management
Refers to the activity combining technical ability to organize and coordinate
worker power, materials, machinery and money
Engineering management
use their training and experience to coach, mentor
and motivate technical professionals.
Engineering managers
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
Top-Level/Senior
Middle-Level
Lower-Level/Supervisory
chairperson of the board, CEO,
COO, VPs. Set goals and objectives, set actions to
meet, decides how to use resources
Top-Level/Senior
Dept head, Managers. Set goals for
specific areas, decides what employees in each area must do
Middle-Level
Team Lead, supervisor.
Make sure that the day to day operations of the
organizations run smoothly
Lower-Level/Supervisory
3 Types of Managerial Skills
- Technical skills
- Conceptual skills
- Human or interpersonal management skills
As the name of these skills tells us, they give the manager knowledge and ability
to use different techniques to achieve what they want to achieve.
Technical skills
_______ skills are most important for first-level managers. When it comes to top
managers, these skills are not something with a high significance level.
Technical skills
_________ skills present knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract
thinking. That means he can easily see the whole through analysis and diagnosis of different states. In such a way they can predict the future of the business or department as a whole
Conceptual skills
are vital for top managers, less critical for mid-level managers
and not required for first-level managers. As we go from the bottom of the
managerial hierarchy to the top, the importance of these skills will rise.
Conceptual skills
____________________ skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people. One of the most critical management tasks is to work with people. Without people, there will not be a need for the existence of
management and managers
Human or interpersonal management skills
These skills enable managers to become leaders and motivate employees for
better accomplishments. Additionally, they help them to make more effective use of human potential in the company. Simply, they are essential skills for all
hierarchical levels in the company.
Human or interpersonal managerial skills
Management Process
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling
process of deciding what objectives to pursue during a future period
and what to do to achieve those objectives
Planning
grouping activities. Assigning activities and providing authority
necessary to carry out the activity
Organizing
determining human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training
and developing human resources
Staffing
directing and channeling human behavior toward the
accomplishment of objectives
Leading
measuring performance against objectives, determining the
causes of deviations and taking corrective actions where necessary
Controlling
Engineering Manager’s Responsibilities
- Proposing and managing budgets for projects.
- Supervising the work of multiple teams.
- Planning and executing strategies for completing projects on time.
- Research and develop designs and products.
- Determining the need for training and talent development.
- Hiring contractors and building teams.
- Ensuring products have the support of upper management.
- Providing clear and concise instructions to engineering teams
Engineering Manager’s Requirements
- Proven work experience as an Engineering Manager or similar role
- Analytical skills for evaluating information carefully and solving complex problems
- Communication skills for overseeing staff and working with other management
personnel - Detail-oriented with the ability to catch minor errors which can result in major
problems - Math skills, including calculus and other advanced mathematics
- Organizational skills for keeping track of various budgets, employees, and
schedules simultaneously - Relevant training and/or certifications as an Engineering Manager
Management Roles (as per MINTZBERG’s Research)
Good managers understand the importance of the many roles they
must play.
Managerial Roles
Interpersonal Roles
Informational Roles
Decisional Roles
Interpersonal Roles
Figurehead
Leader
Liaison
role where the manager performs symbolic duties as
head of organization
figurehead
role where he or she establishes the work atmosphere and
motivates subordinates to act
leader
role where the manager develops and maintains networks of contacts outside the organization.
liaison
Informational Roles
monitor role
disseminator
spokesperson
role where the manager collects all types of information
relevant and useful to the organization.
monitor role
role where the manager gives other people the
information they need to make decisions
disseminator
role where the manager transmits information to
the outside word.
spokesperson
Decisional Roles
entrepreneur
disturbance handler
resource allocator
negotiator
role where the manager initiates controlled change
in the organization to adopt to the changing environment.
entrepreneur
where the manager deals with unexpected
changes.
disturbance handler
role where the manager makes decisions on
the use of organizational resources
resource allocator
role where the manager deals with other individuals
and organization.
negotiator
Management Agreement
- As a manager, you will be expected to set the standard for your
department and model the behavior you expect from your people. - To pursue the fulfilling and rewarding (both professionally and
financially) job of a manager, you have to be willing to abide by this
management agreement.] - “with power comes responsibility” and the responsibilities of a
manager can and will prevent you from doing the things that you
normally prefer to do.
is choosing a course of action after
considering different options to accomplish an organization’s goals.
Management involves problem-solving, budgeting, coaching,
planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling.
Management decision-making
is the responsibility of the engineering manager. It is
understandable for managers to make wrong decisions at times. The
wise manager will correct them as soon as they are identified. The
bigger the issue is the manager who cannot or does not want to make
decisions.
Decision-making
Decision Making Process
Step 1: Identify the decision
Step 2: Gather relevant information
Step 3: Identify the alternatives
Step 4: Weigh the evidence
Step 5: Choose among alternatives
Step 6: Take action
Step 7: Review your decision and its consequences
Define the problem and determine if a
decision is required.
Identify the decision
This step involves gathering
internal and external data. Gather internal information with self assessment and consider your motivations. Capture external
information from colleagues, online, books, and other resources.
Step 2: Gather relevant information
Identify and list all possible courses
of action as they arise.
Step 3: Identify the alternatives
Visualize the possible consequences of
taking each course of action, drawing on your information and
emotions. Consider if the situation in Step 1 would be addressed or
solved with each alternative. Rank your possible decisions based
upon your value system.
Step 4: Weigh the evidence
Select the best course of action
to take. It may even be a combination of other options.
Step 5: Choose among alternatives
Implement your decision.
Step 6: Take action
Last, evaluate the
results of your decision and determine if it addressed the issue
identified in Step 1
Step 7: Review your decision and its consequences
Approaches to Solving Problems
Qualitative evaluation
Quantitative evaluation
refers to the evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgement.
Qualitative evaluation
It is stated that managers tend to use
the qualitative approach when:
- The problem is simple.
- The problem is familiar.
- The costs involved are not great.
- Immediate decisions are needed
refers to the alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.
Quantitative evaluation
Quantitative Models for Decision-Making
Inventory models
Queuing theory
Network models
Forecasting
Regression analysis
Simulation
Linear programming
Sampling theory
Statistical Decision-theory
consists of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory. They are asfollows:
- Economic order quantity model - this one is used to calculate the number of
items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of
placing orders and carrying the items in inventory. - Production order quantity model - this is an economic order quantity
technique applied to production orders. - Back order inventory model- this is an inventory model used for planned
shortages. - Quantity discount model - an inventory model used to minimize the total cost
when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.
Inventory models
s one that describes how to determine the number
of service units that will minimize both customers’ waiting for time and
cost of service. The ______ is applicable to companies where
waiting lines are common situations.
Queuing theory
These are models where large complex tasks are
broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently. The
two most prominent network models are:
- The program evaluation review technique - a technique which enables
engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex
projects by employing three time estimates for each activity. - The critical path method- this is a network technique using only one time
factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and
control large and complex projects.
Network models
there are instances when engineer managers make
decisions that will have implications in the future
Forecasting
is a forecasting method
that examines the association between two or more variables. It uses
date from previous period to predict future events. _________________
may be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent
variables presents. When one independent variable is involved, it is
called simple regression, when two or more independent variables are
involved, it us called multiple regression.
Regression analysis
is a model constructed to represent reality, on which
conclusions about real-life problems can be used. It is a highly
sophisticated tool by means of which the decision maker develops a
mathematical model of the system under consideration.
Simulation
is a quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by
constraints upon the decision. _____________ is very useful as a
decision making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants,
warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system.
Linear programming
s a quantitative technique where samples of
populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of
processes, such as quality control and marketing research. When data
gathering is expensive, sampling provides an alternative. Sampling, in
effect, saves time and money
Sampling theory
refers to the “rational way to
conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving
limited, or partial information about the decision environment.”
Statistical Decision-theory
