LESSON 1 & 2 Flashcards
the implantation and successful replication of an organism in the tissue of the host
infection
individual who harbors the organism
carrier
an illness caused by an infectious agent that are transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person through an agency, and a vector or an inanimate object
communicable diseases
disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact
contagious disease
transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires inoculation of the organism
imfectious disease
any person or animal who is close association with an infected person, animal etc
contact
destruction of pathogenic microorganism outside the body
disinfection
method of disinfection done immediately
concurrent
applied when the patient is no longer the source of infection
terminal
place where an organism lives or where an organism is usually found
habitat
a person, animal which a parasite depends for its survival
host
separation from one person of an individual suffering from a communicable disease
isolation
limitation of freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been expose to communicable disease
quarantine
composed of one or more species of animal or plant which an infectious agent lives and multiplies for survival and reproduce itself
reservoir
the act of watching
surveillances
types of infections
localized and systemic
infection is confined to certain body part only
localized
infection spread to the entire body parts
systemic
incidences of infection
sporadic dz
epidemic dz
pandemic
endemic dz
occur occasionally and irregularly with no specific pattern
sporadic dz
occur in greater number than what is expected in a specific area over a specific time; outbreak
epidemic dz
affects several countries or continents; global oubreak
pandemic
those that are present in a population or community at times
endemic dz
is any microbe capable of producing a disease; source of infection
causative agent
are simple, one-celled microbes with double cell membranes that protect them from harm
bacteria
is a bacterium with flexible, slender, undulating, spiral rods that possess cell wall
spirochete
3 forms of spirochete
treponema
leptospira
borrelia
smallest known microbes; they cannot replicate independently in the host’s cells.
viruses
small, gram negative bacteria-like microbesa that can induce life threatening infections; transmitted through the bite of arthropod
rickettsia
smaller than rickettsia but larger than a virus; cause of infection of the urethra, bladder, fallopian tubes, and prostate gland
chlamydiae
are found almost everywhere on earth; beneficial in cheese, yogurt, beer, wine, certain drugs
fungi
larger than bacteria; simplest single-celled organisms of the animal kingdom
protozoan
absorb nutients from the body of the host
parasitic protozoa
live at the expense of others and they dont usually kill their host but take only the nutients they need
parasites
refers to the environment and objects on which on organism survives and multiplies
reservoir of infection
carrier is a person who is incubating the illness
incubatory
carrier is a person who is at the recovery stage of illness but continues to shed the pathogenic organism
convalescent
carrier is a person who ocassionally sheds the pathogenic organism
intermittent
carrier is a person who always has the infectious organism in his/her system
chronic or sustained
is the path or way in which the organism leaves the reservoir; where the organism grows
portal of exit
is the means by which the infectious agent passes through from the portal of exit of the reservoir to the susceptible host
mode of the transmission
4 models by which the infectious agents can be transmitted
contact transmission
air borne tran.
vehicle tran.
vector tran.
most common mode of transmission
contact transmission
refers to a person to person transfer of organism
direct contact
occurs when the susceptible person comes in contact with a contaminated object
indirect contact
transmission through contact with respiratory secretions when the infected person coughs
droplet spread
occur when fine microbial particles or dust particles containing microbes remain suspended in the air for a prolonged period
air bone transmission
is the transmission of infectious disease through articles or substances
vehicle transmission
occurs when intermediate carriers such as fleas, flies, and mosquitos tranfers microbes to another living organism
vector-borne transmission
venue where the organism gains entrance into the susceptible host
portal of entry
the human body has many defenses against the entry and multiplication of the organis; when the defenses are good, no infection will take place
susceptible host
