LESSON 1

Question 1

employs the inquisitive mind to discover the causes, reasons, and principles of everything.

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

It goes beyond scientific investigation by exploring all areas of knowledge such as religion, psychology, politics, physics, and even medicine.

Answer 2

Philosophy

Question 3

Greek philosopher“the self is synonymous with the soul”.

Answer 3

Socrates:

Question 4

is changeable, transient, and imperfect.

Answer 4

Physical realm

Question 5

Two dichotomous realms:

Answer 5

physical realm
ideal realm

Question 6

“An unexamined life is not worth living”

Answer 6

Socrates:

Question 7

Socratic method, is a method of examining one’s thoughts and emotions to gain self-knowledge.

Answer 7

Introspection,

Question 7

There-part soul/self:

Answer 7

Reason
Spirit/Passion
Physical appetite

Question 8

Greek philosopherHe also believed that the self is synonymous with the soul.

Answer 8

Plato:

Question 9

is the divine essence that enables us to think, make wise decision, and achieve true understanding of eternal truths.

Answer 9

Reason

Question 10

in his Theory of Forms, he introduced the concepts of two worlds:

Answer 10

1. world of forms (nonphysical ideas).
   2. world of essence (reality).

Question 11

includes sensual desires, feelings, and emotions.

Answer 11

Sentient

Question 11

Greek philosopher“The soul is the essence of the self”.
He suggested that anything with life has soul.

Answer 11

Aristotle:

Question 12

includes physical body that can grow.

Answer 12

Vegetative

Question 13

The Kinds of Soul:

Answer 13

Vegetative
Sentient
Rational

Question 14

African philosopher“the self has an immortal soul”.

Answer 14

St. Augustine:

Question 15

He integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity.

Answer 15

St. Augustine:

Question 15

includes the intellect of a man.

Answer 15

Rational

Question 16

He believed that the body is united with the soul.

Answer 16

St. Augustine:

Question 17

He believed that the soul is what governs and defines the human person.

Answer 17

St. Augustine:

Question 18

”I am doubting, therefore I am”

Answer 18

St. Augustine:

Question 19

: French philosopher”I think therefore I am”.

Answer 19

Rene Descartes

Question 20

Two dimensions of the human self

Answer 20

1. thinking self (soul).
2. physical body.

Question 21

as nonmaterial, immortal, conscious being, and independent of the physical laws of the universe.

Answer 21

Thinking self (soul)

Question 22

is a material, mortal, nonthinking entity, fully governed by the physical laws of nature.

Answer 22

Physical self

Question 23

English philosopherthe human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank slate.

Answer 23

John Locke:

Question 24

The self is constructed primarily from the sense experiences.

Answer 24

John Locke:

Question 25

is necessary to have a coherent personal (self) identity.

Answer 25

Self-consciousness

Question 25

Scottish philosopher “There is no self”.

Answer 25

David Hume:

Question 26

What people experience is only a bundle or collection of different perceptions.

Answer 26

David Hume:

Question 27

The self constructs its own reality, actively creating a world that is familiar, predictable, and most significantly, mine.

Answer 27

Immanuel Kant:

Question 27

Distinct entities:

Answer 27

Impressions Ideas

Question 28

are the basic sensations of people’s experience such as hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold, and heat.

Answer 28

Impressions

Question 29

are thoughts and images from impressions and so, less lively and vivid.

Answer 29

Ideas

Question 30

German philosopher“We construct the self”.

Answer 30

Immanuel Kant:

Question 31

Austrian physician“The self is multilayered”.

Answer 31

Sigmund Freud:

Question 32

Three layers of the Self:

Answer 32

conscious preconscious unconscious

Question 33

British philosopher“The self is the way people behave”.

Answer 33

Gilbert Ryle:

Question 34

“I act therefore I am”

Answer 34

Gilbert Ryle:

Question 35

He concluded that the mind is the totality of human dispositions that is known through the way people behave.

Answer 35

Gilbert Ryle:

Question 36

American philosopher”The self is the brain”.

Answer 36

Paul Churchland:

Question 37

The self is inseparable from the brain and physiology of the body.

Answer 37

Paul Churchland:

Question 38

French philosopher “the self is embodied subjectivity”.

Answer 38

Maurice Merleau-Ponty:

Question 39

The unified experience of the self is the paradigm or model that people should use to understand the nature of the self.

Answer 39

Maurice Merleau-Ponty:

Question 40

“I” is a single integrated core identity, a combination of the mental, physical, and emotional structured around a core identity of the self.

Answer 40

Maurice Merleau-Ponty: