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PR 2 > LESSON #1 > Flashcards

LESSON #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The act of asking any question

A

Inquiry

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2
Q

A systematic inquiry

A

Research

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3
Q

An exhaustive inquiry

A

Research

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4
Q

What does research mean?

A

To repeatedly search for answers

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5
Q

Cerchier

A

To seek

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6
Q

Re

A

Repeat/again

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7
Q

3 Approaches in Research

A
  1. Quantitative
  2. Qualitative
  3. Mixed Method
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8
Q

3 Approaches in Mixed Method

A
  1. Convergent Parallel
  2. Exploratory Sequential
  3. Explanatory Sequential
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9
Q

Quali —> quanti

A

Exploratory Sequential

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10
Q

Quanti —> quali

A

Explanatory Sequential

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11
Q

True or False: QR is a subjective investigation.

A

False, objective

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12
Q

What does QR focus on?

A

Numbers/numerical analysis and their relationships with events

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13
Q

True or False: In terms of methodology, QR has faster data collection.

A

False, slower

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14
Q

True or False: In terms of methodology, QR has faster data analysis.

A

True

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15
Q

The 7 Characteristics of QR

A
  1. Objective
  2. Clearly defined research questions
  3. Structured research instruments
  4. Numerical Data
  5. Large sample sizes
  6. Replication
  7. Future Outcomes
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16
Q

True or False: In QR, we use inductive reasoning.

A

False, deductive

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17
Q

True or False: QR is replicable.

A

True

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18
Q

QR helps in quali because?

A

The results collected from QR can also strengthen the data obtained from quali, making it less subjective. This narrows down possible conclusions and directions to follow.

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19
Q

True or False: QR is cheap if conducted.

A

False, costly

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20
Q

True or False: QR relies on only a small number of respondents.

A

False, large sample

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21
Q

True or False: It is easy to gather information using structured research instruments in QR.

A

False, difficult

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22
Q

True or False: Contextual factors that explain variations and results in QR are usually ignored.

A

True

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23
Q

True or False: If QR process is not done correctly, yielded data will be inaccurate and incomplete.

A

True

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24
Q

This defines the next steps of your research

A

Research Design

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25
Q

An overall strategy to integrate components of the study in a coherent and logical way

A

Research Design

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26
Q

2 Kinds of QR

A
  1. Non-Experimental
  2. Experimental
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27
Q

What kind of QR has manipulation of variables?

A

Experimental

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28
Q

What kind of QR studies variables in their natural occurrence?

A

Non-Experimental

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29
Q

What kind of QR does not involve the manipulation of variables?

A

Non-Experimental

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30
Q

What kind of QR establishes causality?

A

Experimental

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31
Q

What kind of QR establishes the association or relationship between variables?

A

Non-Experimental

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32
Q

What kind of QR studies the cause and effect between variables?

A

Experimental

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33
Q

What kind of QR involves studying an intervention or treatment?

A

Experimental

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34
Q

Kinds of Non-Experimental QR

A
  1. Descriptive
  2. Ex-Post Facto / Causal Comparative
  3. Comparative
  4. Evaluative
  5. Methodological
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35
Q

Obtains a measure of scores

A

Descriptive Research Design

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36
Q

Serves as a starting point for hypothesis generation and theory development

A

Descriptive Research Design

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37
Q

Main objective is to observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs

A

Descriptive Research Design

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38
Q

2 Types of Descriptive Research Design

A
  1. Survey
  2. Correlational
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39
Q

What DRD is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples?

A

Survey

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40
Q

What DRD is used to have a general picture of your population?

A

Survey

41
Q

2 Types of Survey

A
  1. Cross-sectional
  2. Longitudinal
42
Q

A survey happening over time with the same participants all throughout

A

Longitudinal

43
Q

A survey conducted during a specific point in time

A

Cross-sectional

44
Q

A survey that evidently demonstrates the trend and direction of the data

A

Longitudinal

45
Q

What kind of DRD is used to find the association or relationship between different variables/groups of respondents under study?

A

Correlational

46
Q

True or False: Correlational DRD both describes the relationship and explains the why behind it.

A

False, does not explain why

47
Q

3 Types of Correlational DRD

A
  1. Bivariate Correlational Studies
  2. Prediction Studies
  3. Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
48
Q

A kind of Correlational DRD including 2 variables that correlate with one another.

A

Bivariate Correlational Studies

49
Q

A kind of Correlational DRD that uses correlation coefficient to show how V1 predicts V2

A

Prediction Studies

50
Q

V1

A

Predictor Variable

51
Q

V2

A

Criterion Variable

52
Q

A kind of Correlational DRD involving multiple variables for predicting V2

A

Multiple Regression Prediction Studies

53
Q

True or False: In MRPS, you can also have many V2s.

A

True

54
Q

“after the fact”

A

Ex-Post Facto

55
Q

Discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs

A

Causal-Comparative

56
Q

Derives conclusions from observations and manifestations that have already occurred in the past

A

Ex-Post Facto

57
Q

The phenomenon was already existing before conducting your study

A

Ex-Post Facto

58
Q

Comparing or contrasting 2 or more samples on 1 or more variables

A

Comparative

59
Q

True or False: Comparative QR is done throughout time.

A

False, often only in a single point in time

60
Q

Relies on evidence-based data

A

Evaluative

61
Q

Usually done to see if a program or policy is working / effective

A

Evaluative

62
Q

Aims to determine what happened during an activity or in an institution

A

Evaluative

63
Q

Involves the act of implementing methodologies

A

Methodological

64
Q

Data from different disciplines are integrated

A

Methodological

65
Q

Meta-research

A

Methodological

66
Q

Achieves goal of developing a scale-matched approach

A

Methodological

67
Q

The deliberate alteration or change in one or more IVs to observe their effects on DV

A

Manipulation

68
Q

Minimizes the element of bias

A

Randomization

69
Q

Involves the random assignment of participants to different experimental groups

A

Randomization

70
Q

The careful management of variables in an experiment to minimize sources of error or bias

A

Control

71
Q

Variables that are not emphasized in the study but still could affect the results of the study

A

Extraneous Variables

72
Q

A group with no treatment provided

A

Control Group

73
Q

Treatment Group

A

A group with treatment

74
Q

Kinds of Experimental Research Design

A
  1. Pre-Experimental
  2. Quasi-Experimental
  3. True Experimental
75
Q

Has the least internal validity

A

Pre-Experimental

76
Q

The researcher has little control over the research

A

Pre-Experimental

77
Q

Looks for causal relationships

A

Pre-Experimental

78
Q

Kinds of Pre-Experimental Research

A
  1. One-Shot Case Study Research Design
  2. One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Research Design
79
Q

There is no point of comparison in this group

A

OSCS

80
Q

Treatment of a single group

A

Pre-Experimental

81
Q

Takes only a single measurement after the experiment

A

(Post-Test) OSCS

82
Q

Analyzes only post-test results

A

OSCS

83
Q

Process in OSCS

A

Experimental Group —> Treatment —> Post-Test

84
Q

Treatment of a single group but takes 2 measures into account

A

OGPTPT

85
Q

Process of OGPTPT

A

Pre-Test —> Intervention/Treatment —> Post-Test

86
Q

True or False: In Pre-Experimental, manipulation and control are both present.

A

False, only manipulation

87
Q

Only partially or half-true

A

Quasi-Experimental

88
Q

Nearly a true experiment, but there is something lacking

A

Quasi-Experimental

89
Q

True or False: In QE, there is randomization and control.

A

False, manipulation and control

90
Q

Why is there no randomization in QE?

A

The researches chooses pre-existing groups

91
Q

The researcher has control over the variables, treatment, and the subjects

A

True Experimental

92
Q

Subjects are randomly assigned to groups

A

True Experimental

93
Q

True or False: In TE, MR. C is complete.

A

True

94
Q

Kinds of True Experimental Research Design

A
  1. Pre-test Post-test only control group
  2. Post-test only control group
  3. Solomon Four Group Design
95
Q

A kind of TERD that has both pre-test and post-test

A

PTPTOCG

96
Q

True or False: PTPTOCG is the only group wherein both the experimental and control groups are both present.

A

False, also PTOCG

97
Q

Solomon Four Group Design Process

A
  • Subjects are assigned to 1 or 4 groups
  • Pre-test is given to 2 groups
  • Post-test is given to all 4 groups
98
Q

How many experimental and control groups are there in SFGD?

A

2 each

PR 2 (4 decks)

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