CHAPTER ONE (ST) Flashcards
The introduction is very important in establishing the ____ setting of the research.
COGNITIVE
The ______ is very important in establishing the cognitive setting of the research.
INTRODUCTION
What does the introduction involve?
(a) discussion why there is a need to study the problem
(b) clarifying the important terminologies in layman’s terms for the reader to easily understand what the research is about
(c) establishing the degree of seriousness of the problem which has prompted the research to look for solutions
What is the title of the first chapter of the research study?
- The Problem
- The Problem and Its Background
Elements of Chapter 1
- Introduction
- Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework
- Objectives of the Study
- Statement of the Problem
- Scope and Delimitation
- Significance of the Study
- Definition of Terms
How can chapter 1 be explained clearly?
By describing each of the elements of C1
The following questions will aid the researcher in formulating the introduction?
- What is the rationale of the problem?
- What is the setting of the problem?
- What is the basic literature foundations of the problem?
- How serious is the chosen research problem?
- What is the general objective of the study?
- What is the overall purpose of the problem?
This question is answered by sharing with the readers the reasons why the researchers decided to look for answers or solutions to the problem.
What is the rationale of the problem?
True or False: The scope of a problem can only be local.
False, can be local, national, or international
One’s personal experience, article read, scene witnessed, theory to be clarified
What is the rationale of the problem?
What do you focus on in describing the setting?
Peculiarity or uniqueness
True or False: The rationale forms part of the delimitation of the problem.
False, the setting
It defines the geographic boundaries of the study.
Setting
It implies certain demographic characteristics.
Setting
The answer to this question clarifies and defines the terms or variables used in the study.
What is the basic literature foundation of the study?
True or False: The RRL is the same as the basic literature foundation of the study.
False
In this question, the researcher emphasizes the intensity and magnitude of the problem.
How serious is the chosen research problem?
This question is derived from the general statement of the problem.
What is the general objective of the study?
True or False: The overall purpose of the problem should be the basis of the enumerated statements of specific problems.
False, the general objective of the study
True or False: The researchers should be totally aware of the purpose of the study.
True
The introduction should consist of how many pages?
2-3
True or False: The introduction must be short and concise.
True
A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.
Theory
It is based on general principles independent of the phenomenon to be explained.
Theory
A skeleton, basic structure, or frame of reference designed to support something.
Framework
The structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study.
Theoretical Framework
It introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem being studied exists.
Theoretical Framework
Steps in formulating the theoretical framework
- Identify the key concepts
- Evaluate and explain relevant theories
- Show how your research fits in
Specific sub-steps under step 3 of formulating a theoretical framework
- Test whether a theory holds in a specific context
- Use theory as a basis for interpreting your results
- Critique or challenge a theory
- Combine different theories in a new or unique way
True or False: In more complex studies, some researchers discuss only one theory in one study.
False, combine multiple theories in one study
What do you include in your paragraph of TF?
- Title of theory
- Author or proponent of theory
- Theoretical principle
- Relationship/relevance to present study
True or False: There are fixed rules in structuring a theoretical framework.
False, no fixed rules
Prompts for creating a theoretical framework
- This study is anchored on…
- This study is supported by the theory of…
- This study is founded on the theory of…
- The theoretical underpinning of this study is…
Examples of Learning Theories
- Behaviorism Learning by Pavlov
- Constructivism by Jerome Bruner
- Thinking by Jean Paget
- Schema Theory by Roger Scank
- Motivation by Maslow and Vroom
Examples of other theories
- Customer Satisfaction: Thomassen’s CS Model
- Theory of Negativity by Carlsmith and Aronskn
- Emotional Quotient by Daniel Goleman
A tentative explanation of a phenomenon or problem.
Conceptual Framework
Serves as the basis for the formulation of research hypotheses.
Conceptual Framework
True or False: The theoretical framework includes the researcher’s own position on the problem.
False, conceptual framework
The researcher’s new model rooted from previous models that they studied.
Conceptual Framework
I-P-O Model
Input-Processing-Output Model
True or False: All aspects of the conceptual framework must be related to the objective of the research.
True
True or False: You must familiarize yourself with the objective of the conceptual framework.
True
True or False: Base the concepts of the conceptual framework on other’s understanding of the elements and relationships of your research features.
False, on your own understanding
The statement of a long-term objective expected to be achieved by the study.
Objectives of the Study
True or False: Stating the problem helps the researcher clarify various essential elements of research.
True
The important elements in the statement of the GENERAL problem
- Main tasks
- Main or major variables
- Participants
- The specific setting
- Coverage date of the conduct of the study
- The intended outputs (for developmental research)
Criteria for the specific problems in the SOP
- Must be in question form
- Must define the population and sample of the study
- Must identify the variables
- Must be empirically tested
True or False: Researchable questions are questions of value.
True
These are questions that are answerable by yes or no.
Non-researchable questions
True or False: Both non-researchable and researchable questions are questions of value.
True
Researchable questions are questions of?
Value, opinion, or policy, raised to gather data
True or False: Formulating clear and significant questions prepares the researcher for subsequent decision-making over research design, data collection, and data analysis.
True
The basic form of a research question involves the use of:
5 W’s and 1 H
These are questions that isolate, categorize, describe, or name factors and situations.
Factor-Isolating Questions
Synonym for factor-isolating questions
Factor-Naming Questions
True or False: Factor-isolating questions are usually suited for non-experimental types of research.
False, factor-relating questions
Questions that determine the relationship among identified factors
Factor-Relating Questions
Questions that yield hypotheses testing for experimental designs in which the researcher manipulates variables
Situation-relating questions
Questions establishing explicit goals for actions, developing plans to achieve goals, and specify conditions wherein the goals will be accomplished
Situation-producing questions
How can I make it happen?
Situation-producing questions
What will happen if…?
Situation-relating questions
What is happening here?
Factor-relating questions
What is this?
Factor-isolating questions
What are the two types of general questions formulated in the study?
Non-researchable and researchable questions
True or False: The statement of the problem contains the specific problem which is restated by general details.
False, general problem restated by specific details
The Scope and Delimitation should answer the basic questions:
What - The topic and variables
Where - The venue or setting of the study
When - The time frame of conducting the study
Who - The participants or respondents, population, and sampling
Why - The general purpose of the study
How - The methodology of the research (research design, methods, and research instrument)
This part defines who will benefit from the findings of the study and how they can do so.
Significance of the Study
Who are the usual beneficiaries of a study?
- Experts concerned about the problem
- Administrators making decisions or implementing programs
- The subjects themselves
- Future researchers
True or False: In the definition of terms, words must be arranged ALPHABETICALLY.
True
True or False: All terms in a study should be defined.
False, only words or phrases with unique meanings or roles
How should terms be defined?
Conceptually and operationally
A definition describing the dictionary meaning or actual meaning of the word.
Conceptual Definition
A definition describing how the word or phrase was actually used in the study.
Operational Definition