Lesson 1 Flashcards
To search again, to take another more careful look to find out more.
Research
It is what we do when we have a question/problem we want to resolve you may think that we know the answer to a question already, obvious, even common sense.
Research
Knowledge remains little more than guess work or intuition to a problem unless it is subjected to ___________
Research is done to find out:
- about additional knowledge
-learnings are wrong or lacking
rigorous scientific scrutiny
An activity which is meant to acquire better knowledge by “relearning” what we already know through systematic observation and experimentation.
Research
- F. Landa Jocano
Acquiring new knowledge or perspective by synthesizing into new forms the otherwise disparate elements in materials being examined.
Research
- F. Landa Jocano
Distinct features of Research:
S - Systematic
C - Controlled
E - Empirical
C - Critical investigation
Of natural phenomena guarded by theory and hypothesis about the presume relations among such phenomena
Research
Systematic, objective analysis, and recording controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events.
Research
-Best of Khan
Systematic objective and comprehensive investigation of certain phenomena which involves accurate gathering and critical analysis and interpretation of all facts about phenomena for theoretical or practical ends
Research
-Best of Khan
Characteristics of Research:
D - directed towards the solution of a problem
E - emphasizes development of generalizations principles or theories that will be helpful in predicting future occurrents
B - based upon observation experience or empirical evidence
D - demands accurate observation and description
I - involves gathering your data from primary or first hand sources using existing data for anew purposes
R - requires expertise
T - tries to be objective and logical applying every possible test while data procedures employed and the data collected
I - involves quest for answers to unsolved problems
P - patience and unhurried activity
C - carefully recorded and reported
A - always requires courage
Functions of Research:
-corrects perceptions as well as expands them
-gathers information on subjects or phenomena we lack or have little knowledge about
-develops and evaluates methods, test concepts, practices, and theories
-obtains knowledge for practical purposes
-provides hard facts which serves as the basis for planning, decision-making, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
Classification of Research:
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
-Generally non numerical data
-typically anthropological and sociological research methods
-observation of a “natural” setting
-in-depth descriptions of situations -interpretive and descriptive
Qualitative Research
-Emphasis in measuring and counting
-makes general statements about people as groups
-likes to prove causal relationship
-tends to reduce things to smaller size
Quantitative Research
General Classification of Research
- Descriptive
- Experimental
Involves collecting data in order to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study
Ex.
Quanti- scaling 1-4
Quali- ad lib
Descriptive
Involves the manipulation of at least one independent variables and observe the effect on one or more dependent variable
Ex.
Quanti - dose effect of certain dose
Quali- effect of those in rats such as induce sleep or increase urination
Experimental
Types of Research:
P - Pure/basic Research
A - Applied Research
E - Evolution Research
R - Research & Development
A - Action Research
Conducted solely to develop a theory
Pure or basic research
Conducted to apply or test theory and evaluate its usefulness in solving problem
Applied research
Conducted to facilitate decision-making regarding the relative worth of 2 or more alternative actions
Evolution research
To develop effective products for use in the society
Research and development
To solve a certain plan
Action research
Research Factor:
O - Objectivity
C - Critical mind
O - Openness
R - Resourcefulness
P - Patience
L - Logical thinking
E - Ethical
Characteristics of researchable problem:
- There is no known answer/solution to the problem is such that the gap in knowledge exists
- There are possible solutions to it but the effectiveness of which is untested/unknown yet
- There are answers/solutions that possible results of which may seem or factually contradictory
- When there are several possible and plausible explanations for the undesirable condition
- When the existence of a phenomenal requires explanation
Criteria of a Good Research Problem:
R - Researchability
S - Significance
F - Feasibility
C - Critical mass
I - Interest
Sources of research problem:
•intellectual curiosity
•serendipity - discovered by chance
•analysis of needs and practice - such as gaps in knowledge technology or skill
•Organized and systematic determination of research needs - NUHRA/RUHRA
Types of information sources:
Important note: the types of information that can be considered primary sources may vary depending on the subject discipline and also on how you are using the material.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Are original materials on which other research is based. They are from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Usually the first formal appearance results in physical, print or electric format. It presents the original thinking, reports a discovery, or shares new information.
Ex. Artifacts, audio recordings, diaries, internet communications on emails, interviews, journal articles, letters, newspaper articles written at the time, original documents, patents, photographs, proceedings of meetings, conferences, and symposia, records of organization, government agencies, speeches, survey research, video recordings, works of art architecture literature and music
Primary sources
Are less easily defined than primary sources. Generally they are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary resources. They are not evidence but rather commentary on and discussion of evidence. However what some defined as a _____, others defined as tertiary source. Context is everything.
Ex. Bibliographies, biographical works, commentaries, criticism, dictionaries, encyclopedias, histories, journal articles, magazines, and newspaper articles, monographs, autobiography, textbooks, website
Secondary sources
Consists of information which is a desolation and collection of primary and secondary sources
Ex. Almanacs, bibliographies, chronologies, dictionaries and encyclopedias, directories, fact books, guidebooks, indexes, abstracts, bibliographies used to locate primary and secondary sources, manuals, textbooks
Tertiary sources
