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Medi Spa > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is laser light?

A

Converts light into energy for use in devices

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2
Q

What is sunlight?

A

A beam or ray of light that is made up of a variety of invisible and visible forms of electromagnetic energy (EM energy)

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3
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

It is measured from the distance of the top of one wave (amplitude) to the top of the next

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4
Q

What is light measured by?

A

It’s wavelength (in nanometers)

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5
Q

One wavelength equals

A

The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs

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6
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Occurs at short wavelengths (<400 nm)

Strips electrons from transport media

Alters cellular function

Causes mutation on DNA (ex. x-ray, ultraviolet (UV) rays

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7
Q

Non ionizing radiation

A

can NOT strip the electrons from transport media

Can NOT alter cellular function

Greatest health risk is ocular (eye) damage ex. Medical lasers and IPL machines

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8
Q

Properties of laser light

A

Lasers have unique properties that are not seen in any other type of energy form

Normal white light, that form a flashlight or lightbulb is made up of a multitude of visible and invisible infrared wavelengths merge and create white light that can quickly disperse in space within a short distance

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9
Q

laser light can cause four different tissue effects on the skin which are :

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Reflection
  3. Transmission
  4. Scatter / Diffusion
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10
Q

Photothermolysis

A

The absorption of light by chromophores (hemoglobin, melanin or water)

The transformation of absorbed light into heat (thermo)

The breakdown of the cells (lysis)

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11
Q

Examples of chromophores

A

Melanin, collagen, hemoglobin, water

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12
Q

What are the 5 parameters for selective photolysis

A
  1. Wavelength
  2. Pulse width
  3. Exposure time
  4. TRT
  5. Fluence
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13
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two successive wave crests

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14
Q

Pulse width (pulse duration)

A

The amount of time the laser is emitted on the skin

measured in nanosecond and millisecond

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15
Q

Exposure time

A

Should be less than or equal to the time necessary for cooling of the target structure

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16
Q

TRT Thermal Relaxation time

A

The time required for it to cool down to the normal temp of the surrounding tissue

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17
Q

Fluence

A

The energy delivered per unit area

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18
Q

Process of selective photothermolysis

A

The use of light energy to target a particle that is in our body which absorbs light

These particles are called chromophores

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19
Q

photothermolysis is achieved by

A

Wavelength

Pulse duration / Pulse width

Exposure dose / joules

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20
Q

Photothermolysis: wavelength

A

Selective absorption - The longer the wavelength the deeper the penetration

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21
Q

Photothermolysis: pulse duration

A

Heat confinement

Pulse duration is measured in nanoseconds or milliseconds- it is the timing of the light energy or how long the laser is actually on the skin

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22
Q

Photothermolysis: exposure dose

A

Fluence refers to the energy of the pulsed laser beam

Expressed in joules per square centimetre (J/CM2)

Refers to energy x time

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23
Q

3 main chromophores

A

Melanin

Hemoglobin

Water

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24
Q

What are 5 important terms we will be using frequently as a technician

A 
Wavelength 
Joules 
Pulse width 
TRT 
Cooling
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25
Q

Light transmits…

A

Energy

Or in other words: Electromagnetic wave that carries energy

400-700nm visible light

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26
Q

Briefly explain the creation of laser light

A

The creation lies within a machines general design, computer software, cooling system m and optics

In every laser device is a tube or optical resonator - the resonator contains a medium (usually a gas, solid or liquid) that is responsible for the creation of light

Gas medium can be made of: argon, carbon dioxide, helium- neon gas particles

Solid medium is usually a synthetic crystal made up of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) particles and then doped with certain elements such as holmium, neodymium, thulium or erbium electrons

Lasers are names in reference to their medium

Turning on a laser machine creates high-voltage electricity that stimulates an intense light source from within the machine

The electrons within the laser medium becomes stimulated by this electricity and then collide with mirrors placed on opposite ends of the laser tube and spontaneously produce identical photons

Photons travel at the same frequency, parallel to each other and in phase in a collimated, coherent, monochromatic beam of light

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27
Q

What does “LASER” stand for

A 
Light 
Amplification 
Stimulated 
Emission 
Radiation
28
Q

List Properties of laser light (3)

A
  1. Coherent light
  2. Monochromatic light
  3. Collimated light
29
Q

Coherent light

A

All the light waves are travelling in the same direction and in unison with each other

30
Q

Monochromatic light

A

Normal light contains all of the visible colours of light and appears white

When light is passed through a prism or water droplet, one can actually see the full spectrum of visible light in a rainbow

Laser light referred to as monochromatic mono means one it is made up of one way length and one colour and can be either visible or invisible

Each different colour of light acts differently when exposed to different tissue and will create a uniquenical effect

31
Q

What is the difference between IPL and laser?

A

Laser is monochromatic
Lasers can only see one colour

IPL can see more colours and are colour coded
(Blue- acne - 420)
(green - pigment & vascular lesions)

32
Q

Collimated light

A

Laser photons are coherent, parallel to each other and can travel long distances

Laser light that exits from a devices hand piece can fire across a room

This is why safety protection controls need to be in place

33
Q

List some laser devices

A

Ruby 694 nm

Alexandrite 755 nm

Diode laser 810nm

ND YAG 1064

Tattoo removal

Q switched Ruby laser 694 nm

Q switched alexandrite laser 744nm

Q switched ND YAQ laser 1064 nm

34
Q

Ruby 694 nm

Laser device

A

High melanin attraction

Best for skin types 1&2 (light skin)

Doesn’t penetrate as deep as other machines

Less effective for deep follicles and dark skins

35
Q

Alexandrite 755 nm

Laser device

A

2nd highest melanin attraction

Effective for skin types 1 to 4

Uses cooling system - especially for darker skin type

Most have a built in cooling system

36
Q

Diode laser 810 nm

A

Has a variety of pulse duration (pulse width)

Effective on all skin types 

Long term hair reduction

37
Q

ND-YAG 1064

A

Lower melanin attraction

Safe for dark skin

Long pulse ND- YAG laser can penetrate 3-5 mm deep

Higher Fluence and aggressive cooling is needed in order to see the best result without damaging surrounding skin

Causes more discomfort due to deep penetration

38
Q

Tattoo removal

A

Due to absorption curve of laser versus the different colours of tattoo ink, each colour may require a different laser for proper clearance

The result is not guaranteed and a fair amount of trauma to the skin is necessary for deep tones

39
Q

Q- switched Ruby laser 694 nm

A

Clears green, black and blue pigment

Multiple treatments required

40
Q

Q switched alexandrite laser 755 nm

A

Also clears green, black & blue pigment

Multiple treatments required

41
Q

Q switched ND YAG Laser 1064 nm

A

Treats black and blue pigment

Has advantage over alexandrite because it can be used on darker skin types

Effective device

Blistering, bleeding and bruising are often side effects when using this laser

42
Q

What is IPL?

A

Intense pulse light

Different from laser

It is a computer generated system, which emits a broad spectrum of light wave length from 420 to 1200 nm

Special cut off filters are used to block out wavelength of light below the filter number selected and only those wavelengths of light above the filter numbers to pass through

IPL is versatile

One wavelength is absorbed by a chromophore, heat is released

Can treat more than one chromophore at the same time

It is high intensity light source which emits polychromatic, noncoherent light

IPL has a broad wavelength spectrum (420-1200nm)

43
Q

What does laser light emit?

A

Monochromatic, coherent light

44
Q

What is the depth penetration of blue light?

A

Surface level

Only targets the epidermis

45
Q

What is the depth penetration of yellow/ green light?

A

Targets the epidermis and dermis

46
Q

What is the depth penetration of red light?

A

Hair follicle

Deepest penetration

47
Q

Each hand piece is colour coded to its corresponding

A

Wavelength

Each wavelength will penetrate the skin differently

blue is the most superficial
red will penetrate deeper

48
Q

Blue hand piece treats…

A

Acne

AC420

49
Q

Green hand piece treats..

A

Pigmented and vascular lesions

DUAL VP

50
Q

What does the yellow hand piece treat?

A

Skin rejuvenation

SR580

51
Q

What does the red hand piece treat?

A

Hair reduction

HR635

52
Q

Light intensity is defined by

A

The energy density (FLUENCE)

53
Q

Fluence

A

Is measured in joules per centimetre squared (J/cm2)

It is how much energy/ heat is being delivered to the skin

54
Q

Describe what happens if the clothing or skin is darker

A

The darker the clothing or skin, the more optical energy (light) is absorbed

Darker surfaces heat up faster, thus they require a lower Fluence

55
Q

What are joules?

A

Joules are the unit of measurement used to describe the intensity (Fluence) of the light energy per cm2

Joules can be referred to as Fluence or light energy

56
Q

What does Fluence or energy density refer to?

A

refers to the amount of optical light energy delivered to a certain area measured in joules per centimetres squared it defines the intensity of the light pulse

57
Q

Pulse duration

A

The pulse duration/ pulse width determines the “aggressiveness” of the treatment and is often measured in milliseconds

(The unit of measurement can vary depending on the technology)

Shorter pulses are more aggressive
Longer pulses are less aggressive

58
Q

Longer pulses are safer for

A

Dark skin and dark hair

59
Q

Shorter pulses are more effective for

A

Light thin hair/ light skin

60
Q

What is DPC technology

A

Dynamic pulse control

DPC technology offers your client a personalized treatment that cater to their needs effectively and safely

It is important to achieve a therapeutic temperature only in the targeted area, we’re leaving the surrounding tissue intact

61
Q

DPC pulse types

A

Smooth pulse
(Less specific, little TRT)

Long pulse
(More specific, more TRT)

High pulse
(Very specific, most TRT)

62
Q

When was selective photothermolysis developed & by who?

A

1983

Anderson & Parrish

63
Q

What does TRT mean?

A

Thermal relaxation time

The time it takes the heat to conduct away from the lesion

64
Q

Benefits of cooling

A

Higher cooling = higher specificity

Cooling slows heat conduction to the healthy tissue

Decreases heating rates on healthy tissue

The heating of the lesion is not effected

65
Q

Contact cooling hand pieces prevents

A

Superficial skin burns

Also adds comfort to patients treatment

Medi Spa (7 decks)

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