Lesson 02 Glossary for Configuring Network Services

Question 1

Primary zone with Active Directory integration.

The zone database is stored in Active Directory.

Answer 1

Active Directory Integrated DNS zone

Question 2

A method by which Active Directory domain controllers synchronize information.

See also intersite replication and intrasite replication.

Answer 2

Active Directory replication

Question 3

The range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign to clients.

Answer 3

Address pool

Question 4

In the context of DHCP, a registration process used with Active Directory to ensure that only DHCP servers that have been approved or authorized are allowed to allocate DHCP addresses.

Authorization prevents nonauthorized DHCP servers from issuing TCP/IP numbers on your network.

Answer 4

Authorization

Question 5

An Active Directory feature that allows an Active Directory Integrated DNS zone to load in the background.

This means that a DNS server can service client requests while the zone is still loading into memory.

Answer 5

Background zone loading

Question 6

Service that allows DHCP requests to be processed on a multisegment network.

The DHCP relay agent or proxy is used to forward requests through a router to a DHCP server.

(Without a relay agent, non-BootP routers prevent all broadcasts, including DHCP broadcasts, from passing through.)

Answer 6

DHCP relay agent

Question 7

Message a client sends to the DHCP server to request or renew the lease of its IP address.

Answer 7

DHCP request message

Question 8

Acknowledgment message sent by the DHCP server to the client after the server marks the selected IP address as leased.

Answer 8

DHCPACK

Question 9

Negative acknowledgment sent by the DHCP server to the client.

This generally occurs when the client is attempting to renew a lease for its old IP address after the address has been reassigned elsewhere.

Answer 9

DHCPNACK

Question 10

Windows Server 2012 feature that, with DNS scavenging, cleans up and removes stale resource records.

Answer 10

DNS aging

Question 11

Any machine issuing queries to a DNS server.

The client hostname may or may not be registered in a Domain Name System (DNS) database.

Answer 11

DNS client

Question 12

The ability of a DNS server to send a request to another DNS server.

There are several types of forwarding, including external forwarding (forwarding to a server outside your organization) and conditional forwarding (forwarding based on rules set up by an administrator).

Answer 12

DNS forwarding

Question 13

Any computer providing domain name resolution services.

Answer 13

DNS name server

Question 14

A mechanism that allows the process of initiating notifications to secondary servers when zone changes occur (RFC 1996).

Answer 14

DNS Notify

Question 15

Windows Server 2012 feature that, with DNS aging, cleans up and removes stale resource records.

You can specify the scavenging interval.

Answer 15

DNS scavenging

Question 16

A portion of the DNS namespace over which a specific DNS server has authority.

Answer 16

DNS zone

Question 17

In Microsoft networks, an arrangement of client and server computers referenced by a specific name that shares a single security permissions database.

On the Internet, a domain is a named collection of hosts and subdomains, registered with a unique name by the InterNIC.

Answer 17

Domain

Question 18

A Windows Server 2012 computer that includes a copy of the Active Directory data store.

Domain controllers contain the security information required to perform services related to the Active Directory.

Answer 18

Domain controller

Question 19

A standard that allows clients or DHCP to register with DNS automatically.

This means that DNS can build its zone database on-the-fly.

Answer 19

Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

Question 20

A range of IP addresses that DHCP does not automatically assign to clients.

Answer 20

Exclusion

Question 21

A record that is used to associate a host’s name statically to its IP addresses.

Also called an A record for TCP/IP v4 and an AAAA record for TCP/IP v6.

Answer 21

Host record

Question 22

IPv4 and IPv6 packet type defining a single address that can be received by multiple devices at the same time but not by everyone.

Multicast allows a server to send a stream of data to multiple clients.

Client computers subscribe to a group and communicate by sending packets to the multicast address.

In unicast communication, by contrast, the server needs to send the same packets to each computer individually.

IPv6 uses multicast functionality to let a device query multiple network devices for their MAC addresses.

This facilitates network communication (IPv4 broadcast ARP functionality).

Answer 22

Multicast

Question 23

A server that can give an authoritative answer to name resolution queries about that domain.

Answer 23

Name server

Question 24

This record lists the name servers for a domain and allows other name servers to look up names in your domain.

Answer 24

Name server (NS) record

Question 25

A value that uniquely identifies a network. Every machine on the network shares that network address as part of its IP address. In IPv4, the classful address (as in class A, class B, or class C). In classless addressing, this is the number of network bits defined by the subnet mask. In IPv6, this is the hexadecimal value specified by the number of bits in the prefix (or by the slash notation value). In the IPv4 address 130.57.30.56, for example, 130.57 is the network address.

Answer 25

Network address

Question 26

A DNS database that needs to be built manually. Clients cannot automatically update the DNS server.

Answer 26

Non-Dynamic DNS (NDDNS)

Question 27

Command-line utility for testing a DNS server.

Answer 27

Nslookup

Question 28

A utility that allows an individual to watch or retrieve packets from a network cable.

Answer 28

Packet sniffer

Question 29

Used to associate an IP address to its host's name. This record is necessary because IP addresses begin with the least-specific portion (the network) and end with the most-specific portion (the host), whereas hostnames begin with the most- specific portion and end with the least specific.

Answer 29

Pointer (PTR) record

Question 30

This zone is responsible for maintaining all of the records for the DNS zone. It contains the primary copy of the DNS database and all record updates occur here. You create a new primary zone whenever you create a new DNS domain.

Answer 30

Primary zone

Question 31

Sending email to a server so that it will forward it to another server for delivery.

Answer 31

Relay

Question 32

IP-to-MAC mapping that allows a DHCP server always to give the same IP address to a DHCP client. Reserved IP numbers are part of a DHCP pool that are set aside for machines with specific ID numbers or MAC addresses.

Answer 32

Reservation

Question 33

Any machine issuing queries to a DNS server is a resolver, although technically a resolver is a software process that finds answers to queries for DNS data. Clients issue DNS requests through processes called resolvers.

Answer 33

Resolver

Question 34

A building block of a clustered application.

Answer 34

Resource

Question 35

An entry in a DNS database that specifies the availability of specific DNS services. For example, an MX record specifies the IP address of a mail server, and (A) host records specify the IP addresses of workstations on the network.

Answer 35

Resource record (RR)

Question 36

The DNS process of cleaning up old resource records in the DNS database. Scavenging uses the resource record time stamp to determine if the record is stale.

Answer 36

Scavenging

Question 37

Contiguous range of addresses for DHCP. There's usually one scope per physical subnet. A scope can cover a Class A, Class B, or Class C network address or an IPv6 address.

Answer 37

Scope

Question 38

Noneditable copy of the DNS database that is used for load balancing (also referred to as load sharing). A secondary zone gets its database from the primary zone and provides for fault tolerance and increased network performance, especially in organizations with WAN connections.

Answer 38

Secondary DNS zone

Question 39

Ties the location of a service (like a domain controller) with information about how to contact the service.

Answer 39

Service (SRV) record

Question 40

A lower-level domain-normally a child domain off of a parent domain.

Answer 40

Subdomain

Question 41

Enables the DHCP server to provide addresses from more than one scope to clients on the same physical subnet.

Answer 41

Superscope

Question 42

A service that resolves a NetBIOS name to a TCP/IP address. WINS is used primarily in older operating systems (Windows 95, 98, and NT).

Answer 42

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)