Lesions/clinical pearls Flashcards
gross lack of coordination and muscle movements
ataxia (cerebellar lesion)
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements
dysynergia
lack of coordination by overshoot or undershoot of limb
dysmetria
can’t point/judge distance
past pointing
can’t perform rapid turning movements
dysdiadochokinesia
“bad movement,” violent/uncontrolled movements
dyskinesia
caused by lesions of the sub thalamic fasciculus
hemiballismus
caused by degeneration of substantial nigra
parkinson’s disease
unable to form words (except usually profanity); lesion to broca’s
expressive aphasia
lesions of supra marginal gyrus
dyspraxia
makes it hard to complete single-step motor tasks such as combing hair and waving goodbye
ideomotor dyspraxia
makes it more difficult to perform a sequence of movements, like brushing teeth or making a bed
ideational dyspraxia
makes it difficult to coordinate muscle movements needed to pronounce words
oromotor dyspraxia
causes dyslexia and other reading/math disorders
lesions in angular gyrus
ability to see objects in the environment but difficulty identifying what is seen
visual agnosia
person cannot understand or comprehend speech
receptive aphasia (lesion to wernicke’s)
lesions of hippocampus
Alzheimer’s disease
injury to superficial cerebral veins, slow bleed
subdural hematoma
injury to middle meningeal artery
epidural hematoma
damage to facial cranial nerve; paralysis of ipsilateral mx. of facial expression
Bell’s palsy
CN III compression
uncal herniation
when rising intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to flow from one intracranial compartment to another
uncal herniation
constant high pitch
dysphonia
most common skull fracture/bleed
pterion, middle meningeal artery, epidural hematoma
worst headache like a thunderclap
subarachnoid hemorrhage
sella turcia contains the
pituitary gland
danger zone of scalp
loose connective tissue
the circle of willis protects against
CVAs
very dangerous artery injury
basilar
type of stroke that is an active bleed
hemorrhage
type of stroke that is deprived of blood
ischemic
CVA to frontal lobe
anterior cerebral artery
CVA to parietal, temporal lobes
medial cerebral artery
CVA to occipital lobe
posterior cerebral artery
location of hydrocephalus in babies
cerebral aqueduct
nerve between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
oculomotor
only CN attached to the brainstem dorsally
trochlear
innervates most infrahyoid mx
ansa cervicalis
artery between scalenes
subclavian
injured in thyroid surgery
recurrent laryngeal n
only muscle to abduct vocal folds
posterior cricoarytenoid
only thyroid mx innervated by superior laryngeal n, tenses vocal ligaments
cricothyroid
frontal lobe. behavior, olfaction, problem solving
prefrontal cortex
frontal lobe. gross movement, stereotyped movement
premotor cortex
frontal lobe. fine digital movement
primary motor area
parietal lobe. receives pain, temperature
postcentral gyrus
N. through parotid gland
facial nerve
parotid duct opening
2nd molar
most anterior nosebleeds occur here
kiesselbach plexus
nasal infections travel to brain via
cribriform plate
correct path for tears
lacrimal gland, punch, canaliculi, sac, duct
CSF 1st step
choroid plexus in lateral ventricles
CSF last step
arachnoid vili in superior sagittal sinus
