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Unit 3 Human Anatomy > Lesions/clinical pearls > Flashcards

Lesions/clinical pearls Flashcards

1
Q

gross lack of coordination and muscle movements

A

ataxia (cerebellar lesion)

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2
Q

inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements

A

dysynergia

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3
Q

lack of coordination by overshoot or undershoot of limb

A

dysmetria

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4
Q

can’t point/judge distance

A

past pointing

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5
Q

can’t perform rapid turning movements

A

dysdiadochokinesia

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6
Q

“bad movement,” violent/uncontrolled movements

A

dyskinesia

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7
Q

caused by lesions of the sub thalamic fasciculus

A

hemiballismus

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8
Q

caused by degeneration of substantial nigra

A

parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

unable to form words (except usually profanity); lesion to broca’s

A

expressive aphasia

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10
Q

lesions of supra marginal gyrus

A

dyspraxia

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11
Q

makes it hard to complete single-step motor tasks such as combing hair and waving goodbye

A

ideomotor dyspraxia

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12
Q

makes it more difficult to perform a sequence of movements, like brushing teeth or making a bed

A

ideational dyspraxia

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13
Q

makes it difficult to coordinate muscle movements needed to pronounce words

A

oromotor dyspraxia

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14
Q

causes dyslexia and other reading/math disorders

A

lesions in angular gyrus

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15
Q

ability to see objects in the environment but difficulty identifying what is seen

A

visual agnosia

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16
Q

person cannot understand or comprehend speech

A

receptive aphasia (lesion to wernicke’s)

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17
Q

lesions of hippocampus

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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18
Q

injury to superficial cerebral veins, slow bleed

A

subdural hematoma

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19
Q

injury to middle meningeal artery

A

epidural hematoma

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20
Q

damage to facial cranial nerve; paralysis of ipsilateral mx. of facial expression

A

Bell’s palsy

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21
Q

CN III compression

A

uncal herniation

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22
Q

when rising intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to flow from one intracranial compartment to another

A

uncal herniation

23
Q

constant high pitch

A

dysphonia

24
Q

most common skull fracture/bleed

A

pterion, middle meningeal artery, epidural hematoma

25
Q

worst headache like a thunderclap

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

26
Q

sella turcia contains the

A

pituitary gland

27
Q

danger zone of scalp

A

loose connective tissue

28
Q

the circle of willis protects against

A

CVAs

29
Q

very dangerous artery injury

A

basilar

30
Q

type of stroke that is an active bleed

A

hemorrhage

31
Q

type of stroke that is deprived of blood

A

ischemic

32
Q

CVA to frontal lobe

A

anterior cerebral artery

33
Q

CVA to parietal, temporal lobes

A

medial cerebral artery

34
Q

CVA to occipital lobe

A

posterior cerebral artery

35
Q

location of hydrocephalus in babies

A

cerebral aqueduct

36
Q

nerve between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries

A

oculomotor

37
Q

only CN attached to the brainstem dorsally

A

trochlear

38
Q

innervates most infrahyoid mx

A

ansa cervicalis

39
Q

artery between scalenes

A

subclavian

40
Q

injured in thyroid surgery

A

recurrent laryngeal n

41
Q

only muscle to abduct vocal folds

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

42
Q

only thyroid mx innervated by superior laryngeal n, tenses vocal ligaments

A

cricothyroid

43
Q

frontal lobe. behavior, olfaction, problem solving

A

prefrontal cortex

44
Q

frontal lobe. gross movement, stereotyped movement

A

premotor cortex

45
Q

frontal lobe. fine digital movement

A

primary motor area

46
Q

parietal lobe. receives pain, temperature

A

postcentral gyrus

47
Q

N. through parotid gland

A

facial nerve

48
Q

parotid duct opening

A

2nd molar

49
Q

most anterior nosebleeds occur here

A

kiesselbach plexus

50
Q

nasal infections travel to brain via

A

cribriform plate

51
Q

correct path for tears

A

lacrimal gland, punch, canaliculi, sac, duct

52
Q

CSF 1st step

A

choroid plexus in lateral ventricles

53
Q

CSF last step

A

arachnoid vili in superior sagittal sinus

Unit 3 Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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