Lectures 24-25 parts I, II, III Flashcards
CNS forms from the embryonic outer covering called the
ectoderm
CNS at 1st week of birth
neural plate
CNS at 2nd week
neural groove
CNS at 3rd week
neural tube; neural crest cells form dorsal root ganglia
notochord forms the
nucleus pulposus
3 parts of brain at 4th week
forebrain (prosencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
telencephalon
cerebrum
diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
mesencephalon
midbrain
metencephalon
cerebellum and pons
myelencephalon
medulla
corpora quadrigeminal is covered by/consists of
tectum: reflex centers for vision (superior colliculi) and auditory (inferior colliculi)
3 cerebellar peduncles
superior, middle, inferior - carry info between cerebellum and brainstem
top part of 4th ventricle overlays:
the pons
bottom part of 4th ventricle overlays:
the medulla
dorsal column of medulla carries __ info:
sensory info upward
ventral medulla parts
olive, pyramids, pyramidal decussation
purpose of pyramidal decussation
right brain can control the left side and vice versa
receives info from spine
anterior lobe of cerebellum
receives from cerebral cortex
posterior lobe of cerebellum
formed first; equilibrium and balance
vermis of cerebellum
squeeze brainstem during swelling causing circulation to brainstem to stop
tonsils of cerebellum
regulates level of consciousness and cellular activity cycles
ascending reticular formation (RAS)
drives respiration and cycles between expiration/inspiration, maintains muscle tone
descending reticular formation
cerebellum is important in maintaining
muscle coordination
cerebellar lesions
ataxia (truncal and gait), dysynergia (tremor), dysmetria (past pointing), dysdiadochokinesia
parts of diencephalon (4)
hypothalamus, thalamus, sub thalamus, epithalamus
3rd ventricle is located
between thalamic lobes
floor of 3rd ventricle
hypothalamus
roof of 3rd ventricle
corpus collosum
nuclei of thalamus (3 categories)
relay, diffuse, association
gray matter bridging the third ventricle and connects two lobes of thalamus
massa intermedia
band of fibers seen in the thalamus that helps to separate the three different functional nuclear groups
internal medullary lamina
responsible for initiating parasympathetic responses
anterior hypothalamus
responsible for initiating sympathetic responses
posterior hypothalamus
separates thalamus from hypothalamus
sulcus
where optic nerve crosses
optic chiasm
dura mater that covers pituitary gland as it passes through hypophyseal fossa
diaphragma sellae
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, STH (GH), prolactin
anterior pituitary
oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)
posterior pituitary
MSH
pars intermedia
epithalamus includes the
pineal gland
sub thalamus has the
sub thalamic nucleus (luys)
sub thalamic nucleus (luys) prevents
dyskinesia; hemiballismus
known as the “silent area” and “CEO” of the brain
prefrontal cortex
motor control of extraocular movements
frontal eye fields
controls gross motor and trunk movements (walking)
premotor cortex
premotor cortex contains the
supplementary motor area (SMA)