Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Exam 2 > Lesions and Diseases > Flashcards

Lesions and Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

spinal root damage leads to ____

A

radiculopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common causes for radiculopathy

A

intervertebral disc disease/protrusion

spondylolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

radiculopathy symptoms

A

pain radiating in a root or dermatomal distribution, weakness, and hyporeflexia of the muscles served by the affected root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

common levels of radiculopathy

A

C6-C7
C5-C6

L4-L5
L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lumbar puncture

A

between L4-L5 or L3-L4 to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar cistern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A

seen when extruded disc impinges on the cauda equina or tumor, trauma, other conditions

  • bilateral symptoms
  • significant weakness, paraplegia and hypo or areflexia of LE
  • saddle anesthesia
  • urinary retention or incontinence, decreased sphincter tone, and fecal incontinence
  • decrease in sexual function
  • possible LBP or sciatica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

lesion in inferior frontal gyrus (44, 45)

  • also called motor, expressive, or nonfluent aphasia
  • difficulty turning ideas into meaningful speech
  • aware of deficit and may have mutism or slow, labored speech that consists of words left out (telegraphic speech)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wernicke aphasia

A

lesions in the supramarginal and angular gyri

  • also called sensory, receptive, or fluent aphasia
  • speak freely and without hesitation, but make little sense (paraphasia or word salad)
  • unaware of deficit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lesion of precentral gyrus

A

motor deficits on contralateral side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lesion of postcentral gyrus

A

loss of sensory perception on contralateral side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lesion of visual structures caudal to the optic chiasm

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

infarction of ACA at paracentral branches

A

motor/sensory deficit of lower extremity, hip, and lower trunk b/c in the longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aneurysm at basilar bifurcation

A

CN III injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aneurysm of posterior communicating and PCA intersection

A

CN III injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aneurysm of superior cerebellar artery

A

CN III injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CN III injury symptoms

A

dilated pupil
loss of eye movement
diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aneurysm of anterior communicating artery

A

CN II injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aneurysm of anterior cerebral artery

A

CN II injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aneurysm of internal carotid artery

A

CN II injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aneurysm of aberrant branches of superior cerebellar artery

A

CN V injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aneurysm of labyrinthine artery

A

CN VI injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

aneurysm of anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

CN VI injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aneurysm of aberrant branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

CN VII injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CN of pons-medulla junction

A

VI, VII, VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CN of the cerebellopontine angle

A

VII, VIII, IX, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

vestibular schwannoma

A

CPA lesion - CN VII and VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

meningioma of the skull base

A

CPA lesion

28
Q

CPA lesion

A

possible injury to CN VII, VIII, IX, X

possible injury to CN V if > 2 cm

29
Q

tumor of the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

30
Q

anterior choroidal artery syndrome

A

contralateral hemiplegia (crus cerebri damage) and contralateral hemianopia (optic tract damage)

31
Q

colloid cyst

A

congenital growth that causes obstructive hydrocephalus in adults

  • HA, unsteady gait, weakness of LEs, visual or somatosensory disorders, and/or personality changes or confusion
  • enlarged lateral ventricle
  • thinning of corpus callosum
32
Q

fetal PCA

A

PCA perfused from internal carotid artery

-also called persistent fetal PCA

33
Q

azygous ACA

A

one internal carotid artery gives origin to both right and left ACA

34
Q

artery of Percheron

A

single stem vessel originates from one P1 and branches to serve both thalami
-occlusion affects cortical arousal, consciousness, and contributes to drowsiness, stupor, or coma

35
Q

aneurysms of medial striate artery

A

damage to optic nerve, chiasm, and tract, adjacent gyri of the frontal lobe, subarachnoid cisterns, and lamina terminalis

36
Q

hemorrhage of lenticulostriate artery

A

lesion within the hemisphere with sparing of the cerebral cortex

37
Q

intraxial brainstem lesions frequently result in _____ deficits

A

both sensory and motor

38
Q

stereoanesthesia

A

vibratory sensation, lesion of peripheral nerves that results in an inability to perceive proprioceptive and tactile sensations

39
Q

graphesthesia

A

position sense

40
Q

tactile localization

A

discriminitive touch

41
Q

Brown-Sequard syndrome

A

ipsilateral loss of vibratory sensation, position sense, and discriminitve touch below the level of lesion in the posterior column

42
Q

causes of bilateral stereoanesthesia

A

tabes dorsalis [tabetic neurosyphilis] or subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

43
Q

bilateral stereoanesthesia, ataxia, loss of muscle stretch reflexes, severe lancinating pain over the body below the head, bladder dysfunction

A

tabes dorsalis

44
Q

tabes dorsalis symptoms

A

bilateral stereoanesthesia, ataxia, loss of muscle stretch reflexes, severe lancinating pain over the body below the head, bladder dysfunction

45
Q

type of ataxia seen in posterior column lesions

A

sensory ataxia

46
Q

sensory ataxia

A

lack of proprioceptive input and position sense

47
Q

subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord symptoms

A
  1. posterior column involvement
  2. corticospinal tract damage: spastic weakness of legs, increased muscle stretch reflexes [hyperreflexia], Babinski sign
48
Q
  1. posterior column involvement
  2. corticospinal tract damage: spastic weakness of legs, increased muscle stretch reflexes [hyperreflexia], Babinski sign
A

subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

49
Q

medial lemniscus lesion rostral to sensory decussation

A

contralateral losses that include the entire body excluding the head

50
Q

large lesion in the forebrain

A

complete contralateral loss of modalities carried in posterior columns and anterolateral symptoms, or may produce pain or paresthesia (thalamic syndrome)

51
Q

posterior column lesion

A

ipsilateral loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and vibratory sense below lesion

52
Q

spinal cord hemisection

A
  • ipsilateral loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and virbatory sense below lesion
  • contralateral loss of pain and thermal sensation beginning 2 levels below lesion
  • ipsilateral paralysis below lesion
  • ipsilateral Horner syndrome if lesion is at a cervical level
53
Q

medial lemniscus lesion in medulla

A

loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and vibratory sense of contralateral extremities

  • tongue weakness: deviates to ipsilateral side on protrusion
  • hemiplegia of contralateral extremities
54
Q

lesion in caudal pons

A
  • proprioception and pain/thermal loss to contralateral extremities
  • ipsilateral facial and lateral rectus paralysis (CN VII, VI)
  • loss of pain/thermal sense on ipsilateral face
  • ipsilateral Horner syndrome
55
Q

lesion in mid-to-rostral pons

A
  • loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and virbatory, pain, and thermal senses on contralateral extremities
  • loss of discriminitive touch, pain, and thermal sense on ipsilateral side of face; paralysis of muscles of mastication if trigeminal nuclei are involved
56
Q

lesion in posterior column-medial lemniscus system in midbrain

A

loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and vibratory sense on contralateral LE (and UE if medial part involved)
-loss of pain and thermal sensation on contralateral extremities

57
Q

lesion at ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus

A
  • diminution/losss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, vibratory sense, pain, and thermal sense on contralateral extremities, plus face and oral cavity if VPM involved
  • paresthesias
  • transient right hemiplegia
58
Q

syringomyelia

A

damage to anterior white commissure by a cavitation in the central cord area
-bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensations in a dermatomal distribution

59
Q

hydromyelia

A

central cord cavitation lined by ependymal cells

60
Q

acute cervical cord syndrome

A

vascular lesions in the spinal cord

-bilateral and splotchy loss of pain and thermal sense below the lesion (dual vascular supply)

61
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

A

vascular lesion in lateral medulla –> ALS

-loss of pain and thermal sensation over the entire contralateral side of the body and ipsilatearl face

62
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion

A

vascular lesion in lateral pons –> ALS

-loss of pain and thermal sensation over the entire contralateral side of the body and ipsilatearl face

63
Q

thalamic syndrome

A

profound loss of posterior column and anterolateral system

  • intractable pain
  • paresthesias
64
Q

anterolateral quadrant lesion

A

-loss of pain/thermal sensation beginning about 2 levels below lesion on the contralateral side of body

65
Q

lesion of spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus and ALS in medulla

A

loss of pain/thermal sense on contralateral extremities and ipsilateral side of face

  • dysarthria and dysphagia (nucleus ambiguous)
  • vertigo, ataxia, and nystagmus (vestibular nucleus; restiform body)
  • nausea, vomiting, and singultus (area postrema, reticular formation)
  • ipsilateral Horner
66
Q

lesion in ALS of midbrain

A

loss of pain and thermal sensation of contralateral extremities
-loss of proprioception, discriminitive touch, and vibratory sense on contralateral LE (and UE if medial part of ML involved)

67
Q

lesion to ventral posterolateral nucleus

A

diminution/loss pain, thermal, and vibratory senses, discriminitive touch, and proprioception on contralateral face and oral cavity and contralateral extremities

  • paresthesias on contralateral face, trunk, extremities
  • transient contralateral hemiplegia

Neuro Exam 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions