Intro to Neuroscience DSA

Question 1

anatomical directions above midbrain
anterior-
posterior-
superior-
inferior-

Answer 1

anterior- rostral
posterior- caudal
superior- dorsal
inferior- ventral

Question 2

anatomical directions below midbrain
anterior-
posterior-
superior-
inferior-

Answer 2

anterior- ventral
posterior- dorsal
superior- rostral
inferior- caudal

Question 3

sagittal plane

Answer 3

divides body or organ into left and right sides

Question 4

midsagittal plane

Answer 4

equal halves of left and right

Question 5

parasagittal plane

Answer 5

unequal halves of left and right

Question 6

coronal plane

Answer 6

same as frontal plane

anterior and posterior

Question 7

transverse plane

Answer 7

same as cross-sectional or horizontal plane

upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

Question 8

CNS

Answer 8

anything located in cranial vault or vertebral column:

• spinal cord
• brain: brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex

Question 9

PNS

Answer 9

anything that leaves the cranial vault or vertebral column and goes out into the periphery

• cranial nerves
• spinal nerves
• dorsal root ganglia
• sensory receptors
• autonomic ganglia
• enteric plexus

Question 10

afferent

Answer 10

conducting or conducted inward (toward) something such as a nucleus
-sensory neurons

Question 11

efferent

Answer 11

conducting or conducted outward (away) from something such as a nucleus
-motor neurons

Question 12

names for a bundle of myelinated axons that travel together in the CNS

Answer 12

• tract
• lemniscus
• fasciculus
• column
• peduncle
• bundle
• capsule

white matter

Question 13

name of area in CNS that contain groups of cell bodies

Answer 13

• nuclei
• basal ganglia
• thalamus
• cortex

gray matter

Question 14

areas of the PNS that contain groups of cell bodies

Answer 14

-ganglia

gray matter

Question 15

areas of white matter of the spinal cord

Answer 15

• anterior column
• dorsal column
• lateral column

Question 16

areas of gray matter of the spinal cord

Answer 16

• ventral (anterior) horn: lower motor neurons
• lateral horn: T1-L1 presynaptic sympathetic neurons
• dorsal (posterior) horn: sensory neurons

Question 17

lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 17

• frontal
• parietal
• occipital
• temporal

Question 18

gyri

Answer 18

bumps

Question 19

sulci

Answer 19

grooves

Question 20

central sulcus

Answer 20

large groove between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

lateral sulcus

Answer 21

between temporal lobe inferiorly and frontal and parietal lobes superiorly

Question 22

parietooccipital sulcus

Answer 22

imaginary line (seen on sagittal section) separating occipital lobe from parietal and temporal lobes

Question 23

preoccipital notch

Answer 23

separates occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

Question 24

precentral gyrus

Answer 24

• rostral or anterior to the central sulcus

- primary motor cortex

Question 25

postcentral gyrus

Answer 25

- posterior or caudal to the central sulcus | - primary somatosensory cortex

Question 26

parts of the brainstem (superior to inferior)

Answer 26

-midbrain -pons -medulla (superior to inferior)

Question 27

features on ventral side of the midbrain

Answer 27

cerebral peduncles and CN III

Question 28

features on dorsal side of the midbrain

Answer 28

superior and inferior colliculus and CN IV

Question 29

feature of the pons

Answer 29

CN V

Question 30

features of the ventral medulla

Answer 30

pyramids, olives, CN XI, X, and XII

Question 31

what does the diencephalon contain?

Answer 31

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and eyes

Question 32

What cranial nerves exit the midbrain?

Answer 32

CN III and IV

Question 33

What cranial nerves exit the pons?

Answer 33

CN V

Question 34

What cranial nerves exit the medulla?

Answer 34

CN IX, X, and XII

Question 35

What cranial nerves exit the pontomedullary junction?

Answer 35

CN VI, VII, VIII

Question 36

What cranial nerves exit the spinal cord?

Answer 36

CN XI

Question 37

CN III nuclei location

Answer 37

Midbrain GSE: oculomotor nucleus GVE: Edinger-Westpahl nucleus

Question 38

CN IV nuclei location

Answer 38

Midbrain | trochlear nucleus

Question 39

CN V nuclei location

Answer 39

Pons GSA: mesencephalic nucleus of V (proprioception) GSA: principal sensory nucleus of V (discriminative touch) GSA: spinal nucleus of V (pain and temperature) SVE: motor nucleus of V

Question 40

CN VI nuclei location

Answer 40

Pons | abducens nucleus

Question 41

CN VII nuclei location

Answer 41

pons SVE: motor nucleus of VII GVE: superior salivatory nucleus

Question 42

CN VIII nuclei location

Answer 42

pons posterior (dorsal) cochlear nucleus and anterior (ventral) cochlear nucleus superior, lateral, medial, and inferior vestibular nuclei medulla posterior (dorsal) cochlear nucleus and anterior (ventral) cochlear nucleus superior, lateral, medial, and inferior vestibular nuclei

Question 43

CN IX nuclei location

Answer 43

medulla SVE: nucleus ambiguus GVE: inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 44

CN X nuclei location

Answer 44

medulla SVE: nucleus ambiguus GVE: dorsal motor of vagus

Question 45

CN XII nuclei location

Answer 45

medulla | hypoglossal nucleus

Question 46

CN XI nuclei location

Answer 46

spinal cord | spinal cord segments C1-C5

Question 47

What cranial nerves have nuclei in the midbrain?

Answer 47

CN III, CN IV

Question 48

What cranial nerves have nuclei in the pons?

Answer 48

CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII

Question 49

What cranial nerves have nuclei in the medulla?

Answer 49

CN VIII, CN IX, CN X, CN XII

Question 50

What cranial nerves have nuclei in the spinal cord?

Answer 50

CN XI