Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A

collection of spinal and cranial nerves whose branches conveying messages to and from the CNS

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

parts of the brain (3)

A

forebrain, cerebellum, and brainstem

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4
Q

parts of the forebrain (2)

A

cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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5
Q

Where is the brainstem?

A

btwn forebrain and spinal cord

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6
Q

gray matter

A

areas containing neuronal/glial cell bodies and dendrites

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7
Q

nuclei

A

collections of cell bodies w/ common function

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8
Q

cortex

A

layers of gray matter over other parts of the CNS (ie cerebral and cerebellar cortices)

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9
Q

Is a nucleus gray or white matter?

A

gray

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10
Q

Is a cortex gray or white matter?

A

gray

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11
Q

white matter

A

areas where there is a collection of axons; many covered with myelin

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12
Q

Is a fasciculus gray or white matter?

A

white

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13
Q

Is a faniculus gray or white matter?

A

white

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14
Q

Is a lemniscus gray or white matter?

A

white

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15
Q

Is a peduncle gray or white matter?

A

white

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16
Q

Is a tract gray or white matter?

A

white

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17
Q

gyrus

A

ridge of cortical tissue

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18
Q

sulcus

A

groove located between gyri

19
Q

fissures

A

particularly deep sulci

20
Q

What are the sulci that divide the five lobes?

A

central sulcus
lateral sulcus
parietooccipital sulcus
cingulate sulcus

21
Q

What is the huge fiber bundle between the two hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

22
Q

What is the frontal pole?

A

anterior tip of the brain in the frontal lobe

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?

A

frontal pole to central sulcus
lateral sulcus to cingulate sulcus
top of central sulcus to cingulate sulcus
continues as the orbital part of frontal lobe

24
Q

What makes up the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?

A

precentral gyrus, superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri

25
Q

What does the precentral gyrus house?

A

primary motor cortex

26
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus and frontal gyri?

A

planning and initiating voluntary movements

27
Q

Where is Broca’s area and what is it?

A

opercular and triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus usually in the left hemisphere
-motor aspects of written and spoken language

28
Q

Where is the prefrontal cortex and what is its functions?

A

most of the frontal lobe

-executive functions, personality, decision making, insight, and foresight

29
Q

What is in the parietal lobe?

A

postcentral gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobulues

30
Q

function of postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex: controls with processing of tactile and proprioceptive info, sensory location

31
Q

function and location of parietal lobule

A

one hemisphere, usually left

language comprehension

32
Q

function of parietal cortex?

A

spatial orientation and directing attention

33
Q

homonuculus

A

somatosensory info from different part of the body enter spinal cord at different levels. representations of different parts within a pathway travel together but in separate bundles. contralateral half of the body is mapped in each postcentral gyrus in a somatotopic map.

34
Q

temporal lobe parts

A

superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri

occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

35
Q

superior surface of temporal lobe with small area of superior temporal gyrus

A

primary auditory cortex

36
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

posterior portion of superior temportal gyrus (left) important for comprehension of language

37
Q

inferior surface of temporal lobe function

A

higher order processing and visual info

38
Q

medial part of temporal lobe

A

learning and memory

39
Q

parts of occipital lobe

A

lateral occipital gyri, cuneus, calcarine sulcus

40
Q

lateral occipital gyrus

A

lateral surface of occipital lobe

41
Q

cuneus

A

wedge shaped area btwn parietooccipital and calcarine sulci

42
Q

primary visual cortex

A

walls of calcarine sulcus

43
Q

occipital lobe function

A

visual association cortex