Lesion Localization

Question 1

What are the general traits of an upper motor neuron deficit?

Answer 1

Spasticity
Hyperreflexia
Hypertonicity
Pathologic reflexes

Question 2

What are the general traits of an lower motor neuron deficit?

Answer 2

Flaccidity
Hyporeflexia
Hypotonicity
Fasiculations/Atrophy

Question 3

What are signs of Cortex defecits?

Answer 3

Aphasia, agnosia, apraxia
Seizure
Distrubance of Cognition (dementia/delirium)

Question 4

What are the signs of Subcortical deficits?

Answer 4

Absence of cortical signs
Visual field deficits
Pure motor or pure sensory deficits affecting
Entire side of body/more than one area**

Question 5

What are signs of a spinal cord lesion?

Answer 5

Myelopathy:
Spinal cord level sharp sensation*
Prominent bladder and bowel involvement

Question 6

What are signs of a nerve root injury?

Answer 6

Radiculaopathy:

• asymmetric
• dermatomal
• radicular pain
• asymmetric loss of reflex

Question 7

What are the signs of a Brainstem lesion?

Answer 7

Cranial nerve nuclei
Crossed signs
Prominent Dysarthria

Question 8

What are the signs of a Neuromuscular junction disorder?

Answer 8

Fluctuating motor weakness with easy fatigueability

Diurnal variation

Question 9

What are the signs of a muscular disorder?

Answer 9

Weakness

Atrophy

Question 10

What is the difference between Neuropathy and Myopathy

Answer 10

Neuro: Sensory Signs
distal greater than prox paresis
Myo: absent sensory signs, prox greater than distal peresis