Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Lens and Vitreous > Flashcards

Lens and Vitreous Flashcards

1
Q

What is microphakia

A

small lense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Spherophakia

A

spherical lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is Aphakia

A

absence of lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is this image an example of?

A

Persistent fetal vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

****What is this image an example of?

A

Persistent Pupillary Membrane axial anterior lens capsule pigment spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is nuclear Sclerosis?

A

normal aging process The lens fibers grow throughout life. cause increased density of lens nucleus Minimal effects of vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you differentiate Nuclear sclerosis from cataracts on physical examination?

A

You can retroilluminate through them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Opacity in the lens or the lens capsule. Patients with only a cataract should have a normal PLR!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nuclear Sclerosis vs. Cataract

A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nuclear sclerosis vs cataract

A

Nuclear sclerosis

the fundic reflection is coming through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nuclear Sclerosis vs Cataracts

A

Nuclear Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nuclear Sclerosis vs cataract

A

nuclear sclerosis- the hazy ball is the characteristic appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nuclear Sclerosis vs Cataract

A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cataract Vs nuclear sclerosis

A

Cataract

Spoke like white changes. Very early cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cataract vs nuclear sclerosis

A

Nuclear sclerosis

No impediment to the reflection here. Slight distinction to where the nucleus ends, but just an age related change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cataract vs. nuclear sclerosis

A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cataract vs nuclear sclerosis

A

Cataract

18
Q

Nuclear Sclerosis vs cataract

A

Cataract

19
Q

Cataract vs. nuclear sclerosis

A

cataract

20
Q

What are causes of cataracts

A

Hereditary (most common cause in dogs)

Metabolic: DM, Galactosemia, Milk replacer)

Secondary to uveitis- most common cause in cats and horses

Traumatic

21
Q

When referring to the stages of cataracts, what does incipient mean?

A

punctate opacity, <15% of the lens

22
Q

When referring to the stages of cataracts, what does immature mean?

A

15 to 99% opacification

some tapetal reflection remains +/- vision

23
Q

When referring to the stages of cataracts, what does Mature mean?

A

Complete (100%) opacification

No tapetal reflection visible and blind

Intumescent - swollen lens (found in diabetics)

24
Q

When referring to the stages of cataracts, what does Hypermature mean?

A

Resorption of cataractous lens

High variable appearance: sparkling, wrinkled capsule

May see tapetal reflection and may regain vision

25
Q

What stage of cataract is this?

A

Incipient

<15% of the lens is affected

26
Q

What stage of Cataract is this?

A

Immature

15-99% corneal affection

27
Q

What stage of cataract is this?

A

Mature Cataract

28
Q

What stage of cataract is this?

A

Hypermature Cataract

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts

A

High blood glucose increases lens glucose and overwhelms hexokinase enzyme. Excess glucose metabolized by aldose reductase system to sorbitol. Sorbitol accumulates within lens and causes osmotic effect. Fluid drawn into lens and causes architectural changes in lens fibers.

30
Q

What is Phacolytic uveitis

A

Leakage of some lens proteins through intact lens capsule. Common in diabetic hypermature, and some juvenile cataracts

31
Q

What is Phacoclastic uveitis?

A

Rupture of the lens capsule exposing many proteins.

Trauma or rapidly progressing cataracts. causes SEVERE INFLAMMATION

32
Q

Medical therapy associated with Cataracts and prevention of lens-induced uveitis

A

Topical NSAID BID: Diclofenac

Topical steroid SID-QID: PRednisolone acetate 1%

Systemic anti-inflammatories: corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

33
Q
A
34
Q

What is a partial lens subluxation

A

Partial detachment of lens zonules.

Possible clinical findings with lens instability

35
Q

What is this image an example of?

A

Lens Subluxation

36
Q

What is this image an example of?

A

Lens Luxation

37
Q

Treatment of anterior lens luxaiton

A

Emergency if lens luxation is recent and dogs/cat is visual or was recently

Treat secondary glaucoma: Mannitol IV, Topical/oral carbonic anhydrasei inhibitors. DO NOT give miotics (pilocarpine, latanoprost)

38
Q

What medications are contraindicated in the face of anterior lens luxation

A

Pilocarpine, latanoprost

39
Q

T/F Secondary lens luxatino is not an emergency

A

True

the example provided is glaucoma -> buphthalmos

40
Q

What is recommended medical therapy for Lens subluxation?

A

Goal : Keep pupil miotic and lens back

Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost) if glaucoma present

Parasympathomimetic Demecarium bromide)

Ophthalmology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions