Lenin's Russia

Question 1

Who led the whites?

Answer 1

Denikin - south
Kolchak - east
Yudenich - west

Question 2

Who were the greens?

Answer 2

bands of discontented peasants who defended local territories from war communism.

Question 3

Who was the Czech Legion?

Answer 3

czech soldiers who were crossing from the west to east with the aim of reaching allied territory and pressing the case for Czech independence.

Question 4

Who were in the whites?

Answer 4

mensheviks
kadets
octoberists
tsarists

Question 5

Who were in the reds?

Question 6

Why did the whites army struggle?

Answer 6

as they were ‘top heavy’ with many officers from the old tsarist army but not enough soldiers.

Question 7

Why were the whites disliked (army wise).

Answer 7

they were associated with old Russia, while the tsarist officers supported Russias former landowners.

Question 8

What occurred in Nov 1917?

Answer 8

elections to the constituent assembly

Question 9

How many votes did the bolsheviks gain in the nov 1917 elections?

Answer 9

9 million.

Question 10

How many were in the white army compared to the red army?

Answer 10

1/3 million in whites
5 million in reds.

Question 11

Why was Lenin popular in Jan 1918?

Answer 11

he closed down the constituent assembly

Question 12

What party was set up in 1922?

Answer 12

the mental committee of the communist party. (bolsheviks)

Question 13

What did the treaty of Brest-litovsk entail?

Answer 13

an ending to the First World War

Question 14

What was Russia’s result of the treaty?

Answer 14

it lost, UKARAINE FINLAND AND POLISH AND BALTIC territories.

Question 15

What occurred on the 1st march 1921?

Answer 15

the Kronstadt mutiny

Question 16

What was the Kronstadt Mutiny?

Answer 16

rebellion towards Bolshevik regime from sailors who previously supported the reds, they wanted more economic freedom.

Question 17

What occurred in 1919?

Answer 17

the Tambov revolt

Question 18

What was the Tambov peasants’ revolt?

Answer 18

The Tambov Rebellion of 1920–1922 was one of the largest and best-organised peasant rebellions challenging the Bolshevik government during the Russian Civil War. The peasants refused to pay the poll tax and their opposition spread to surrounding villages in Essex and Kent.

Question 19

How was the revolt put down?

Answer 19

by red army under Trotskys orders.

Question 20

What was the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’?

Answer 20

a dictatorship rule in the peoples interests until they were ready to take power for themselves.

Question 21

What was the Cheka?

Answer 21

a tsarist secret police - its purpose was to destroy opponents of the bolshevik regime and to spread a network of terror across Russia.

Question 22

How did people react to the use of the Cheka?

Answer 22

disliked and unpopular - associated with the old tsarist regime.

Question 23

What did the first soviet declaration entail?

Answer 23

1- Russia to become a soviet socialist republic
2- Russia to be named as a classless society
3-no private ownership of property
4-elections would be based on a soviet system
5-universal suffrage would be granted.

Question 24

What was the decree on land?

Answer 24

Oct 1917
land confiscated by landlords and the church was to be distributed amongst peasants.

Question 25

What was the decree on nationalisation?

Answer 25

June 1918 enabled the state to takeover all factories of 10+ workers.

Question 26

How did the lack of food production and importation affect Russia between 1918 and 1921?

Answer 26

5+ million died of starvation

Question 27

What was the 'militarisation of labour'?

Answer 27

a form of discipline enforced on workers and peasants - similar to what was inflicted upon the red army.

Question 28

What was the decree on workers' control?

Answer 28

nov 1917 recognised the takeover of factories by workers.

Question 29

How did inflation affect Russia's economy?

Answer 29

the rouble dropped in 1920 to 1% of its 1913 worth. inflation had rose to 400% in 1917.

Question 30

What was the 'workers opposition'?

Answer 30

arguing for increased union control of the economy and the debureaucratisation of the party hierarchy

Question 31

How much in reparations did Russia have to pay after the war?

Answer 31

3 billion

Question 32

How was Russia's agricultural sector affected after the war?

Answer 32

the grain harvest in 1921 was only 46% of its 1913 figure.

Question 33

How much had industrial production drop by in 1921?

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

How much had normal production dropped by in 1921 compared to prewar levels?

Answer 34

5%

Question 35

What was state capitalism?

Answer 35

the government control production and nationalise industries - the government dominate the economy.

Question 36

What did state capitalism?

Answer 36

1- partial nationalisation 2- aimed to increase popularity of communism 3- decree on land NOV 1917 4- decree on workers control NOV 1917 5- state control of capital businesses.

Question 37

What was war communism?

Answer 37

march 1921 governmental control of the whole of the state - ultimately enforced authority over peasant communities.

Question 38

Why was war communism introduced?

Answer 38

to attempt to abolish private ownership/property and to promote production.

Question 39

Why was war communism introduced?

Answer 39

to win the civil war - to keep the red army well fed and supplied (the militarisation of labour) and to end inflation and to improve the economy.

Question 40

What did war communism introduce to Russia?

Answer 40

1- the seizure of peasants grain 2-take over of factories 3-foreign debts cancelled 4-transport system improved 5-longer working hours 6-banks and railways organised by the vesenkha. 7-grain requisitioning and food rationing. 8-trade unions banned. 9-bartering goods through ban in currency due to inflation.

Question 41

Was war communism successful?

Answer 41

ultimately no if the NEP had to be introduced - although it did allow them to win the civil war, through grain requisitioning and for rationing and also by keeping the bolsheviks in power.

Question 42

What was bartering?

Answer 42

Bartering is the exchange of goods and services between two or more parties without the use of money.

Question 43

What were the results of war communism?

Answer 43

1- inflations rose (1920 rouble worth 1% of its 1913 value) 2-steel production dropped from 4.3 million tonnes to 0.18 million tonnes. 3-electricity production in 1921 dropped to 1/4 of its 1913 value.

Question 44

How was the Cheka used in 1921?

Answer 44

to take peasant grain by force, through the use of terror.

Question 45

What were some mentionable points about Trotsky?

Answer 45

commissar for war superb leader brought in ex tsarist officers to red army kept soldiers fed, well supplied, mobile and able to win the war held officer families hostage to ensure loyalty

Question 46

What were some mentionable points about Lenin?

Answer 46

appointed Trotsky as commissar for war highlighted efficient propaganda and campaigning used Cheka in period of red terror

Question 47

When did the reds win the civil war?

Answer 47

1921

Question 48

Was war communism a success or a failure?

Answer 48

failure- the economic strength of Russia fell below the 1914 level.

Question 49

What percentage of people moved from cities to the countryside between 1916 - 1920?

Answer 49

33%

Question 50

What percentage were small factories producing of their 1913 total?

Answer 50

in 1920 only 43%

Question 51

What percentage were larger factories producing of their 1913 total?

Answer 51

in 1920 only 18%

Question 52

What percentage of coal was being produced in 1920 compared to its 1913 figure?

Answer 52

27%

Question 53

What was the quote from Kronstadt mutiny?

Answer 53

'lit up the reality like flash lightenign'

Question 54

How many people died from lack of food/famine?

Answer 54

20 million.

Question 55

How much was food production down from 1913?

Answer 55

33%

Question 56

Why was requisitioning ultimately a bad idea?

Answer 56

peasants began to grow only for themselves so that the Cheka wouldn't seize grain.

Question 57

How much was steel production down from 1913?

Answer 57

4.3 million tonnes to 0.18 million tonnes.