Lenin's Leadership

Question 1

When was the Civil War and who was involved?

Answer 1

1918-1922 w/ Reds (Bolsheviks) vs everyone else (Whites: SRs, Mensheviks, Kadets, Octobrists and Greens: other nationalities)

Question 2

Why was everyone angry? (5)

Answer 2

Where was the bread?
Constituent Assembly was dissolved
Land was taken from nobles (Decree on Land)
Alienated nationalists (Decree on Peace)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk losses

Question 3

Which countries join the Whites (3) and why do they do this?

Answer 3

Britain, France & USA as they feared the spread of communism

Question 4

What side was the Czech Legion on?

Answer 4

Czech supported Russia in WW1 but opposed them in the Civil War due to mistrust and suspicion

Question 5

Initially, who was winning and in 1919, who was winning?

Answer 5

Initially, the Whites then the Reds

Question 6

Which Generals attacked where?

Answer 6

General Yudenich - NW and Petrograd
General Deniken - S
Admiral Kolchak - E

Question 7

Did more people die from war or hunger?

Answer 7

Hunger

Question 8

What were the strengths of the Reds? (4)

Answer 8

Unified, resourceful, controlled central Russia, good leadership

Question 9

What were the weaknesses of the Whites? (5)

Answer 9

Unorganised (scattered everywhere), uncoordinated (didn’t know if they were fighting for tsarism or republicanism), poor leadership, no loyalty hence high levels of corruption

Question 10

When was War Communism introduced and when did it end?

Answer 10

1918-1921

Question 11

What policies did War Communism include? (3)

Answer 11

Rationing of food, surplus food has to be given to the government and factories of more than 10 workers were nationalised

Question 12

What was the Vesenkha and what did they do?

Answer 12

Supreme Economic Council and sent requisition squads seized food if rules were not complied with

Question 13

What was the result of War Communism and how many died?

Answer 13

There was a famine in 1920-21 where 7 mil died

Question 14

Which types of people were considered enemies to the Cheka? (3)

Answer 14

Priests, Cossacks and factory owners

Question 15

By early 1921, how many Kronstadt soldiers destroyed their party cards after realising the situation back home?

Answer 15

5000

Question 16

What did the sailors form?

Answer 16

A provisional revolutionary committee

Question 17

When did the Red Army and Kronstadt fight?

Answer 17

8 Mar 1917

Question 18

What percentage of Bolsheviks died in the attack?

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

When did the crews surrendered?

Answer 19

17 Mar 1921

Question 20

How many people made it safe?

Answer 20

8000

Question 21

How many people were shot?

Answer 21

12,000 - 15,000. Rest sent to gulags.

Question 22

When was NEP introduced and why?

Answer 22

1921 and decided to persuade for grain, rather than use force

Question 23

Why was it criticised and how did Lenin try to hide this?

Answer 23

It opposed Bolshevism and more capitalism and Lenin tried to say it was temporary

Question 24

What policies were introduced in NEP? (4)

Answer 24

Fixed amount of grain had to be given, surplus had to be sold for profit and if you produced more, you pay less tax, electrification

Question 25

Now which factories were state-owned and what new currency was introduced?

Answer 25

Factories with less than 20 and the rouble was introduced

Question 26

Who were Nepmen?

Answer 26

Private traders who took produce into cities to sell

Question 27

What type of people did critics despise?

Answer 27

Kulaks

Question 28

By how much did electricity, steel and clothes increase?

Answer 28

Electricity increased from 520 to 2925 kWh, steel increased by 12, clothes increased by 16

Question 29

What country did Russia make a deal with in 1921 and for what?

Answer 29

Britain, exchanging Western goods for oil and wheat

Question 30

What was the scissor crisis?

Answer 30

Since there was so much food, there was price drop in it. But since there were less industrial goods, the prices soared for it

Question 31

What was the Zhenotdel?

Answer 31

The women's department led by Kollontai

Question 32

What had changed for women? (3)

Answer 32

Divorce was much easier, abortion was legalised, they and paid maternity leave

Question 33

What changes were made among education? (5)

Answer 33

9 hrs of free education, Pioneers for younger children, Komsomol for 15 - early 20s, more practical education, teachers had less authority (forbidden to set hw)

Question 34

What things were used to spread communist ideas? (3)

Answer 34

Cinema, art and street festivals.

Question 35

Why was the Proletkino set up?

Answer 35

To present propaganda films

Question 36

When did Lenin have his strokes? (3)

Answer 36

May 1922 Dec 1922 Mar 1923

Question 37

When did Lenin die?

Answer 37

Jan 1924

Question 38

Under Lenin's leadership, who made all the major decisions?

Answer 38

The Politburo consisting of 7: Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin Nikolai Bukharin Lev Kamanev Gregory Zinoviev Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky

Question 39

Why did the Tsar have to be executed?

Answer 39

There were still tsarists around and this just caused greater risk for the Reds during the civil war

Question 40

What things did Trotsky do for the war? (3)

Answer 40

Restored conscription Promoted soldiers Had strict military discipline

Question 41

When was the Politburo set up and how often did they meet up?

Answer 41

1919, daily

Question 42

How were the Kronstadt used as propaganda?

Answer 42

They were spoken about negatively for support

Question 43

What did the Kronstadt Mutiny show about the state of Russia?

Answer 43

Even their most loyal supporters are turning against them

Question 44

How did peasants resist against War Communism?

Answer 44

They grew less animals

Question 45

How many kulaks died in the famine from 1920 to 1921?

Answer 45

7 million

Question 46

What was formed to press charges on the result of this famine?

Answer 46

Worker's Opposition

Question 47

Grain decreased between 1918 and 1921 from 80 tonnes to....

Answer 47

80 tonnes to 37.6 tonnes

Question 48

What fraction of marriages had ended by 1927?

Answer 48

2/3

Question 49

How did employment for women change when men returned from the war?

Answer 49

It worsened.

Question 50

What was the Proletkult and what did it involve?

Answer 50

It was a proletariat cultural movement involving things like poetry circles and exhibitions

Question 51

What was Socialist Realism?

Answer 51

The showcase of only a positive side of Russia through art

Question 52

What could writing not contain?

Answer 52

Counter revolutionary topics