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Russia 1917-1941 > Collectivisation > Flashcards

Collectivisation Flashcards

1
Q

What was a Kolkhoz?

A

Standard farm

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2
Q

What was a Sovkhoz?

A

State-run farm

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3
Q

What was a Toz?

A

Peasant owned farm

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4
Q

How many farms did one Kolkhoz consist of?

A

50-100

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5
Q

Why was collectivisation introduced? (5)

A

To control the people
It was more communist than NEP
Food shortages
Feared invasion
Industrial production had to be increased

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6
Q

What happened in 1927? (3)

A

Collectivisation is announced and ignored
Procurement crisis - kulaks refused to hand over grain

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7
Q

What was collectivisation?

A

Peasants gave up small plots of land to share with other families

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8
Q

What happened in 1928? (2)

A

Voluntary collectivisation begins
1st 5 year plan begins (1928-32)

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9
Q

What happened in 1929? (3)

A

Collectivisation becomes compulsory
Fighting between kulaks and non-kulaks
Pace of collectivisation increases

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10
Q

What happened in 1930? (2)

A

Famine
Collectivisation paused

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11
Q

What happened in 1931? (2)

A

Collectivisation restarts
OGPU shot or deported those who showed resistance

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12
Q

When does the 2nd five year plan begin and end?

A

1933- 1937

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13
Q

What happened in 1932/33? (4)

A

Famine
Exporting is continued
War is declared on kulaks
Stalin is blamed

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14
Q

By 1934, how many kulaks are dead?

A

7 million

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15
Q

How much does the amount of sheep and goats decrease from 114.6 mil?

A

114.6 mil to 36.5 mil

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16
Q

What percentage of land is collectivised by 1939?

A

99%

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17
Q

When did the 3rd 5 year plan begin and end?

A

1938-1941

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18
Q

Even though enough food was produce, what was there a fall in?

A

Production

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19
Q

Was farming efficient and how high was human cost?

A

It was inefficient and human cost was very high

20
Q

Where were tractors rented from?

A

Machine Tractor Station (MTS)

21
Q

What did a typical farm contain? (5)

A

Hospital
School
Town hall
Factory
Homes

22
Q

A skilled elite of what careers were created? (2)

A

Teachers and scientists

23
Q

What happened in the 1st five year plan? (2)

A

Focus on heavy/ new industries
Towns built entirely from scratch

24
Q

How did Magnitogorsk develop from 1929 - 1932?

A

It went from just 25 people to 250,000 people

25
Q

Who were the Gosplan?

A

State planning authority responsible for target setting for industries

26
Q

What were the failures of industrialisation? (2)

A

Gosplan made targets too high
Working conditions were terrible

27
Q

Why did the amount of sheep decrease so drastically?

A

Slaughtering animals was the people’s way of showing opposition

28
Q

Every 40 farms how many MTS were there?

A

1

29
Q

How many MTS were there by 1933?

A

2900

30
Q

What happened in the 2nd five year plan? (3)

A

Targets not set as high
Oil production low
Armory multiplied by 3, fearing Germany

31
Q

What happened in the 3rd five year plan? (2)

A

Focus on household and luxury goods
Issues with oil and steel

32
Q

Why was the 3rd five year plan abandoned?

A

Germany invaded in 1941

33
Q

By 1940, what position was the USSR in industrial power?

A

2nd behind the USA

34
Q

Who were Stakhanovites?

A

People who followed Alexei Stakhanov

35
Q

How many tonnes of coal did Stakhanov lift and how does this vary to the normal shift?

A

He lifted 102 tonnes, which is 15 times the normal

36
Q

What were people granted if they worked well? (2)

A

Dachas
Free holidays

37
Q

What does OGPU become in 1934?

A

NKVD

38
Q

For better benefits what did people do?

A

They reported to the NKVD

39
Q

How many people died in gulags out of the 20 mil that were taken there?

A

12 mil

40
Q

By what percentage did wages fall from 1928 - 1933?

A

50%

41
Q

Why was there now a new elite?

A

Due to new training schemes

42
Q

Why did people demand higher pay and workers rights?

A

Russia had weak trade unions

43
Q

By how many times did steel increase?

A

12

44
Q

By how many times did coal increase?

A

4

45
Q

Give an example showing that targets were too high.

A

Only 50,000 tractors were produced when the target was 170,000

46
Q

Which things could not cope due to the rapid growth of the population? (4)

A

Roads
Water supply
Power
Transport

47
Q

Why did Russia need quick industrialisation and a better military?

A

They had to assume they would have no allies due to their fear of communism

Russia 1917-1941 (6 decks)

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