Lenin (Oct 1917- Jan 1924) Flashcards
What percentage of the Russian peasantry were peasants?
77%
Issues that Lenin must face? (After october 1917)
Economy (it wasnt doing well 'cause of wwi) WWi (should russia leave the war?) Being true to communism Competition from socialists/tsarists What to do w/peasantry
Dealing with WW1
Lenin wanted to end the war at any cost but Trotsky wanted to turn the war into a revolutionary war.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)
- Russia withdraws but concedes vast areas of land to Germany in W.russia.
-could create factionalism within the party
- loss of international allies
- patriotic anger within the ppl
✔ Lenin can focus on economy now
What caused the kronstadt rebellion?(March 1921)
Sailors became disenchanted with bolsheviks due to their inability to supply enough food to the urban pop., restricted political freedom, harsh labour regulations
How did the Krontstadt rebellion end?
It was crushed by Trotsky but was forced to adopt a new economic policy
What caused the tambov rebellion? (1920-21)
The peasant resistance of grain confiscation
Impacts of the tambov rebellion
100 000 arrested
15 000 shot dead
Chemical weapons to fight peasants
Weaknesses of the Whites (civil war)
Comprised of too many different groups with varied aims
The leader, Kolchak, was too extreme
- causing SRs to switch sides= loss of peasant support
- he put in place anti socialist restrictions
Strengths of the Reds (civil war)
Trotsky was a strong leader
- harsh punishments (fear)
- used trade networks to go around the country to boost morale
Used Tsarist leaders but kidnapped loved ones to ensure loyalty
The red army held a central region
Main features of WC
- Grain requisitioning
- Banning of private trade
- Nationalisation of industry- administered by Vesenkha
- Reintroduction of labour discipline
- Rationning
Industrial failures of WC
Total output of finished products was just 12% of 1912 levels
Pop. Of petrograd fell from 2.2 million in 1914 to 0.6 million in 1920
Wages were 2% of their 1913 levels
Agricultural successes of WC
Cheka met the grain quotas expected of them, ensuring that the Red Army was fed
Agricultural failures of WC
Peasants violently resisted grain requisitioning .e.g. the decapitation of 12 members of a brigade that was collecting grain
Wheat harvests declined as peasants lost the incentive to farm
Peasants starved
Less than 1/3 of the urban diet came from state provided rations, the rest came feom the black market.
Political successes of WC
Red terror intensifies arrests, removing opposition
The execution of the tsar and his family aided Lenins control over the party through fear
The Cheka arrest 13 000 ppl (real number is closer to 300 000)
What was the Ban on Factions? (1921)
A ban on factions within the bolshevik party which increased the centralisation of power.
Why did Lenin abandon WC
- To revive the economy
- To build socialism. By 1921, it was clear that a European Communist revolution would not happen so he needed the NEP to build socialism without foreign aid
- To retain power. Lenin saw the NEP as an economic retreat to prevent a political defeat.