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Russia MOCK > Lenin and Stalin (booklet three) > Flashcards

Lenin and Stalin (booklet three) Flashcards

INCOMPLETE - NOT FINISHED CONTENT IN CLASS

1
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Political party led by Lenin advocating for revolution.

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2
Q

Professional Revolutionary

A

Lenin’s approach focusing on political revolution strategy.

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3
Q

Vanguard Party

A

Elite group representing proletariat in revolution.

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4
Q

Proletarian Dictatorship

A

Rule by Communist leaders, not workers post-revolution.

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5
Q

Totalitarian State

A

Government with absolute control over all aspects of life.

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6
Q

Historical Events

A

Natural occurrences expected to lead to socialism.

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7
Q

Workers’ Vanguard

A

Communist elite essential for revolutionary progress.

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8
Q

War Communism

A

Economic policy during Civil War prioritizing state control.

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9
Q

New Economic Policy

A

1921 policy restoring market economy post-War Communism.

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10
Q

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

A

1918 treaty ending Russia’s involvement in WWI.

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11
Q

Kronstadt Mutiny

A

1921 revolt by sailors against Bolshevik policies.

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12
Q

Ban on Factions

A

Policy to suppress internal party opposition.

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13
Q

Socialism in One Country

A

Stalin’s doctrine focusing on USSR’s self-sufficiency.

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14
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

1939 agreement between Stalin and Hitler.

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15
Q

Cominform

A

Organization to coordinate communist parties post-WWII.

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16
Q

Collectivisation

A

Stalin’s policy of consolidating individual farms into collective ones.

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17
Q

Industrialisation

A

Rapid development of industry to boost economic independence.

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18
Q

Class War

A

Stalin’s campaign against wealthy farmers for equality.

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19
Q

Left SRs

A

Socialist Revolutionaries opposing Bolshevik policies.

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20
Q

Civil War

A

Conflict between Bolsheviks and various opposition groups.

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21
Q

Sovnarkom

A

Soviet government body established after the revolution.

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22
Q

Show Trial

A

Public trial to eliminate opposition and dissent.

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23
Q

Peasant Revolts

A

Uprisings by peasants against Bolshevik policies.

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24
Q

Famine

A

Severe food shortage during the Civil War period.

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25
Q

Stalin’s Leadership

A

Began in 1929, marked by authoritarian policies.

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26
Q

Opportunism

A

Stalin’s strategy of exploiting political situations.

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27
Q

Economic Policy

A

Stalin’s strategies for managing Soviet economy.

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28
Q

Technical Intelligentsia

A

Skilled workers favored under Stalin’s economic policies.

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29
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Administrative system managing state affairs under Lenin.

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30
Q

Heavy Industry

A

Focus on industrialization for economic independence.

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31
Q

Stalinism

A

Ideology emphasizing a strong state for socialism.

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32
Q

Purge

A

Stalin’s violent removal of perceived threats.

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33
Q

Soviets

A

Local councils formed during the Russian Revolution.

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34
Q

Congress of Soviets

A

Supreme authority body in the Soviet state.

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35
Q

Lenin’s Slogan

A

‘All power to the Soviets’ advocating worker governance.

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36
Q

Vanguard of the Revolution

A

Elite group leading the working class revolution.

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37
Q

Cheka

A

Secret police established to suppress opposition.

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38
Q

Vesenkha

A

Supreme Council for nationalizing key industries.

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39
Q

Bolshevik Elections

A

First democratic elections held in November 1917.

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40
Q

Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs)

A

Political group opposing Bolshevik rule post-revolution.

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41
Q

Provisional Government

A

Temporary government before Bolshevik takeover.

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42
Q

Revolutionary Democracy

A

Democracy exercised through elected Soviets.

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43
Q

Bourgeois Democracy

A

Parliamentary democracy serving capitalist interests.

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44
Q

Dictatorship of the Proletariat

A

Workers’ rule to dismantle capitalist structures.

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45
Q

Civil Service Purge

A

Removal of non-Bolshevik officials from government.

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46
Q

Opposition Suppression

A

Bolsheviks used violence to eliminate dissent.

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47
Q

Land Decree

A

Lenin’s policy redistributing land to peasants.

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48
Q

Political Legitimacy

A

Recognition of authority by civil servants and citizens.

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49
Q

Red Guard

A

Militia formed to protect Bolshevik interests.

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50
Q

Centralization of Power

A

Concentration of authority under Stalin’s leadership.

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51
Q

Soviet Constitution

A

Established government structure in July 1918.

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52
Q

Trotsky’s Timing

A

Suggested revolution align with Congress of Soviets.

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53
Q

Political Closure

A

Bolsheviks shut down opposition press and parties.

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54
Q

Military Control

A

Bolsheviks used military force to maintain power.

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55
Q

Electoral Flaws Argument

A

Bolsheviks claimed election process favored Right SRs.

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56
Q

Peasant Support

A

Rural backing for Left SRs due to land reforms.

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57
Q

Constituent Assembly

A

Elected body dissolved by Bolsheviks in 1918.

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58
Q

Tauride Palace

A

Location of the Constituent Assembly’s opening session.

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59
Q

Red Guards

A

Bolshevik military force used against protestors.

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60
Q

SRS

A

Socialist Revolutionary Party, largest party in Assembly.

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61
Q

Declaration of Rights

A

Bolshevik document limiting Assembly’s law-making power.

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62
Q

Lenin

A

Leader of Bolsheviks, orchestrated Assembly’s dissolution.

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63
Q

Russian Soviet Socialist Republic

A

Name adopted for Russia post-Assembly dissolution.

64
Q

Brest Litovsk

A

Treaty ending Russia’s involvement in WWI.

65
Q

1918 Constitution

A

Banned voting for former exploiting classes.

66
Q

Workers’ Votes

A

Each worker’s vote counted as five peasants’.

67
Q

Kulaks

A

Better-off peasants viewed as enemies of socialism.

68
Q

Fige’s Case Study

A

Demonstrated land redistribution effects in Saratov.

69
Q

Intelligentsia

A

Educated class with little military power.

70
Q

Counter-Revolutionaries

A

Bolshevik term for opponents of their regime.

71
Q

Third All-Russian Congress

A

Meeting where Sovnarkom was recognized as government.

72
Q

Petrograd and Moscow

A

Key cities for Bolshevik support and actions.

73
Q

Land Redistribution

A

Process of reallocating land to peasant Soviets.

74
Q

Show Trials

A

Public trials used to eliminate political opposition.

75
Q

1917 October Revolution

A

Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia.

76
Q

Military Strength

A

Key factor in political control during Bolshevik rule.

77
Q

Lenin’s Policy Failures

A

Banned private trade, causing peasant resentment.

78
Q

Green-Red Aspect

A

Civil war conflict between Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries.

79
Q

Factory Chaos

A

1918 production fell to one-third of 1917 levels.

80
Q

Peace at Any Price

A

Lenin’s controversial policy for immediate peace.

81
Q

Revolutionary War Group

A

Led by Bukharin, aimed for revolutionary war.

82
Q

Trotsky’s Compromise

A

‘No peace, no war’ strategy to delay conflict.

83
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

Ratified on 16 March 1918, harsh terms for Russia.

84
Q

Left SR Resignation

A

Left Socialist Revolutionaries left Sovnarkom in protest.

85
Q

Count Mirbach Assassination

A

Left SRs attempted to sabotage peace with Germany.

86
Q

Red-White Civil War

A

Conflict between Bolsheviks and Tsarist supporters.

87
Q

Bolshevik Control

A

Limited outside Moscow and Petrograd during civil war.

88
Q

Yaroslavl Soviets

A

Elected Menshevik majorities early in 1918.

89
Q

Red Victory Reasons

A

Defeated SR governments and focused on internal issues.

90
Q

White Armies

A

Tsarist loyalists advanced on Moscow post-Brest-Litovsk.

91
Q

Foreign Intervention

A

Troops from USA, Britain, France, Japan supported whites.

92
Q

Centralized Control

A

Reds controlled key areas, aiding coordination.

93
Q

Trotsky’s Leadership

A

Established discipline and conscription in Red Army.

94
Q

Propaganda Use

A

Lenin portrayed Reds as defenders against foreign threats.

95
Q

Red-Green Civil War Phase 1

A

Conflict rooted in refusal to share power.

96
Q

Tambov Revolt

A

Major uprising requiring 100,000 Red troops.

97
Q

Peasant Armies

A

165 peasant armies emerged by April 1921.

98
Q

Red-Green Civil War Phase 2

A

Caused by discontent with war communism and famine.

99
Q

Kulak Reprisals

A

Brutal actions against accused wealthy peasants.

100
Q

Loss of Structure

A

SRs and Mensheviks weakened, lacking organization.

101
Q

Polish Invasion

A

Poles invaded Ukraine, reaching Kiev in May 1920.

102
Q

Civil War Complexity

A

Multiple overlapping conflicts beyond Red-White struggle.

103
Q

Bolshevik Ideological Goals

A

Contradicted by need for peace with Germany.

104
Q

Civil War Impact

A

Influenced Bolshevik political authority and opposition.

105
Q

NEP

A

New Economic Policy; ended grain requisitioning.

106
Q

Black Armies

A

Anarchist groups opposing Bolshevik control.

107
Q

Bolshevik Offensive

A

1918 attack towards Poland to spread revolution.

108
Q

Far Eastern Republic

A

Buffer state created between Japan and Russia.

109
Q

Azerbaijan Invasion

A

Bolsheviks seized oil reserves in April 1920.

110
Q

Polish-Ukrainian Alliance

A

Coalition against Bolsheviks in April 1920.

111
Q

Polish Independence

A

Confirmed by peace with Bolsheviks, 1920.

112
Q

Baltic States

A

Recognized independence by Bolsheviks post-WWI.

113
Q

Mensheviks

A

Opposition party during the Russian Civil War.

114
Q

Stalin’s Role

A

Oversaw brutal suppression in Georgia, 1922.

115
Q

USSR Constitution

A

Established in 1922, minimal practical changes.

116
Q

Power Vacuum

A

Leadership uncertainty following Lenin’s death, 1924.

117
Q

Trotsky’s Opposition

A

Argued for internal party democracy and debate.

118
Q

Permanent Revolution

A

Trotsky’s theory for continuous global communist uprisings.

119
Q

Triumvirate

A

Alliance of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Stalin against Trotsky.

120
Q

12th Party Congress

A

New Central Committee elected, few Trotsky supporters.

121
Q

Lenin’s Funeral

A

Stalin manipulated Trotsky’s absence for power.

122
Q

Lenin’s Testament

A

Document criticizing party leaders, released posthumously.

123
Q

14th Party Congress

A

Stalin’s popularity surged, Bukharin supported.

124
Q

United Opposition

A

Coalition of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Trotsky against Stalin.

125
Q

Factionalism

A

Accusation used by Stalin against his opponents.

126
Q

Trotsky’s Deportation

A

Exiled near Chinese border after opposition defeat.

127
Q

Stalin’s Economic Strategy

A

Left-leaning policies diverging from Bukharin’s approach.

128
Q

Kirov’s Leadership

A

Stalin’s supporter who replaced Zinoviev in Leningrad.

129
Q

Opposition Collapse

A

Trotsky’s supporters dispersed after political defeats.

130
Q

Left-leaning economic strategy

A

Stalin’s economic approach opposing Bukharin’s policies.

131
Q

Trotsky’s deportation

A

Trotsky was exiled to Constantinople by Stalin.

132
Q

Pravda

A

Official newspaper of the Communist Party of the USSR.

133
Q

Politburo

A

Key decision-making body of the Communist Party.

134
Q

Molotov

A

Replaced Rykov as Soviet premier, ally of Stalin.

135
Q

One-party state

A

Political system with only one legal party.

136
Q

Circular flow of power

A

System ensuring Stalin’s dominance through appointments.

137
Q

Central Committee

A

Ratifies top leaders’ appointments in the Party.

138
Q

Party apparatus

A

Organizational structure implementing Party decisions.

139
Q

Zinoviev and Kamenev

A

Initially expelled but later readmitted to the Party.

140
Q

Lenin Enrolment

A

1924 initiative allowing 128,000 new Party members.

141
Q

Nomenklatura

A

Privileged Party members with power and status.

142
Q

Apparatchiks

A

Party members implementing orders, lacking creativity.

143
Q

Approved list

A

Stalin’s method for controlling Party Congress delegates.

144
Q

Party Congress

A

Gathering to elect Central Committee members.

145
Q

Patronage

A

Stalin’s strategy to gain loyalty through job appointments.

146
Q

Execution of dissenters

A

Fear tactic used by Stalin to maintain control.

147
Q

Authority consolidation

A

Stalin’s strategy to monopolize power by 1928.

148
Q

Party membership increase

A

Stalin expanded membership for political support.

149
Q

General Secretary

A

Stalin’s position controlling Party appointments and loyalty.

150
Q

Political control

A

Stalin’s method of managing Party and state functions.

151
Q

Meetings frequency

A

Politburo met less often as Stalin’s control grew.

152
Q

Intimidation tactics

A

Stalin’s method of instilling fear during meetings.

153
Q

Trotsky’s criticism

A

Opposition to Stalin’s increasing bureaucracy and patronage.

154
Q

Removal from Politburo

A

Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky ousted from leadership.

155
Q

Party’s ideological orthodoxy

A

Stalin’s establishment of a unified Party ideology.

Russia MOCK (3 decks)

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