Lenin and Stalin (booklet three) Flashcards
INCOMPLETE - NOT FINISHED CONTENT IN CLASS
1
Q
Bolsheviks
A
Political party led by Lenin advocating for revolution.
2
Q
Professional Revolutionary
A
Lenin’s approach focusing on political revolution strategy.
3
Q
Vanguard Party
A
Elite group representing proletariat in revolution.
4
Q
Proletarian Dictatorship
A
Rule by Communist leaders, not workers post-revolution.
5
Q
Totalitarian State
A
Government with absolute control over all aspects of life.
6
Q
Historical Events
A
Natural occurrences expected to lead to socialism.
7
Q
Workers’ Vanguard
A
Communist elite essential for revolutionary progress.
8
Q
War Communism
A
Economic policy during Civil War prioritizing state control.
9
Q
New Economic Policy
A
1921 policy restoring market economy post-War Communism.
10
Q
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
A
1918 treaty ending Russia’s involvement in WWI.
11
Q
Kronstadt Mutiny
A
1921 revolt by sailors against Bolshevik policies.
12
Q
Ban on Factions
A
Policy to suppress internal party opposition.
13
Q
Socialism in One Country
A
Stalin’s doctrine focusing on USSR’s self-sufficiency.
14
Q
Nazi-Soviet Pact
A
1939 agreement between Stalin and Hitler.
15
Q
Cominform
A
Organization to coordinate communist parties post-WWII.
16
Q
Collectivisation
A
Stalin’s policy of consolidating individual farms into collective ones.
17
Q
Industrialisation
A
Rapid development of industry to boost economic independence.
18
Q
Class War
A
Stalin’s campaign against wealthy farmers for equality.
19
Q
Left SRs
A
Socialist Revolutionaries opposing Bolshevik policies.
20
Q
Civil War
A
Conflict between Bolsheviks and various opposition groups.
21
Q
Sovnarkom
A
Soviet government body established after the revolution.
22
Q
Show Trial
A
Public trial to eliminate opposition and dissent.
23
Q
Peasant Revolts
A
Uprisings by peasants against Bolshevik policies.
24
Q
Famine
A
Severe food shortage during the Civil War period.
25
Stalin's Leadership
Began in 1929, marked by authoritarian policies.
26
Opportunism
Stalin's strategy of exploiting political situations.
27
Economic Policy
Stalin's strategies for managing Soviet economy.
28
Technical Intelligentsia
Skilled workers favored under Stalin's economic policies.
29
Bureaucracy
Administrative system managing state affairs under Lenin.
30
Heavy Industry
Focus on industrialization for economic independence.
31
Stalinism
Ideology emphasizing a strong state for socialism.
32
Purge
Stalin's violent removal of perceived threats.
33
Soviets
Local councils formed during the Russian Revolution.
34
Congress of Soviets
Supreme authority body in the Soviet state.
35
Lenin's Slogan
'All power to the Soviets' advocating worker governance.
36
Vanguard of the Revolution
Elite group leading the working class revolution.
37
Cheka
Secret police established to suppress opposition.
38
Vesenkha
Supreme Council for nationalizing key industries.
39
Bolshevik Elections
First democratic elections held in November 1917.
40
Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs)
Political group opposing Bolshevik rule post-revolution.
41
Provisional Government
Temporary government before Bolshevik takeover.
42
Revolutionary Democracy
Democracy exercised through elected Soviets.
43
Bourgeois Democracy
Parliamentary democracy serving capitalist interests.
44
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Workers' rule to dismantle capitalist structures.
45
Civil Service Purge
Removal of non-Bolshevik officials from government.
46
Opposition Suppression
Bolsheviks used violence to eliminate dissent.
47
Land Decree
Lenin's policy redistributing land to peasants.
48
Political Legitimacy
Recognition of authority by civil servants and citizens.
49
Red Guard
Militia formed to protect Bolshevik interests.
50
Centralization of Power
Concentration of authority under Stalin's leadership.
51
Soviet Constitution
Established government structure in July 1918.
52
Trotsky's Timing
Suggested revolution align with Congress of Soviets.
53
Political Closure
Bolsheviks shut down opposition press and parties.
54
Military Control
Bolsheviks used military force to maintain power.
55
Electoral Flaws Argument
Bolsheviks claimed election process favored Right SRs.
56
Peasant Support
Rural backing for Left SRs due to land reforms.
57
Constituent Assembly
Elected body dissolved by Bolsheviks in 1918.
58
Tauride Palace
Location of the Constituent Assembly's opening session.
59
Red Guards
Bolshevik military force used against protestors.
60
SRS
Socialist Revolutionary Party, largest party in Assembly.
61
Declaration of Rights
Bolshevik document limiting Assembly's law-making power.
62
Lenin
Leader of Bolsheviks, orchestrated Assembly's dissolution.
63
Russian Soviet Socialist Republic
Name adopted for Russia post-Assembly dissolution.
64
Brest Litovsk
Treaty ending Russia's involvement in WWI.
65
1918 Constitution
Banned voting for former exploiting classes.
66
Workers' Votes
Each worker's vote counted as five peasants'.
67
Kulaks
Better-off peasants viewed as enemies of socialism.
68
Fige's Case Study
Demonstrated land redistribution effects in Saratov.
69
Intelligentsia
Educated class with little military power.
70
Counter-Revolutionaries
Bolshevik term for opponents of their regime.
71
Third All-Russian Congress
Meeting where Sovnarkom was recognized as government.
72
Petrograd and Moscow
Key cities for Bolshevik support and actions.
73
Land Redistribution
Process of reallocating land to peasant Soviets.
74
Show Trials
Public trials used to eliminate political opposition.
75
1917 October Revolution
Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia.
76
Military Strength
Key factor in political control during Bolshevik rule.
77
Lenin's Policy Failures
Banned private trade, causing peasant resentment.
78
Green-Red Aspect
Civil war conflict between Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries.
79
Factory Chaos
1918 production fell to one-third of 1917 levels.
80
Peace at Any Price
Lenin's controversial policy for immediate peace.
81
Revolutionary War Group
Led by Bukharin, aimed for revolutionary war.
82
Trotsky's Compromise
'No peace, no war' strategy to delay conflict.
83
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Ratified on 16 March 1918, harsh terms for Russia.
84
Left SR Resignation
Left Socialist Revolutionaries left Sovnarkom in protest.
85
Count Mirbach Assassination
Left SRs attempted to sabotage peace with Germany.
86
Red-White Civil War
Conflict between Bolsheviks and Tsarist supporters.
87
Bolshevik Control
Limited outside Moscow and Petrograd during civil war.
88
Yaroslavl Soviets
Elected Menshevik majorities early in 1918.
89
Red Victory Reasons
Defeated SR governments and focused on internal issues.
90
White Armies
Tsarist loyalists advanced on Moscow post-Brest-Litovsk.
91
Foreign Intervention
Troops from USA, Britain, France, Japan supported whites.
92
Centralized Control
Reds controlled key areas, aiding coordination.
93
Trotsky's Leadership
Established discipline and conscription in Red Army.
94
Propaganda Use
Lenin portrayed Reds as defenders against foreign threats.
95
Red-Green Civil War Phase 1
Conflict rooted in refusal to share power.
96
Tambov Revolt
Major uprising requiring 100,000 Red troops.
97
Peasant Armies
165 peasant armies emerged by April 1921.
98
Red-Green Civil War Phase 2
Caused by discontent with war communism and famine.
99
Kulak Reprisals
Brutal actions against accused wealthy peasants.
100
Loss of Structure
SRs and Mensheviks weakened, lacking organization.
101
Polish Invasion
Poles invaded Ukraine, reaching Kiev in May 1920.
102
Civil War Complexity
Multiple overlapping conflicts beyond Red-White struggle.
103
Bolshevik Ideological Goals
Contradicted by need for peace with Germany.
104
Civil War Impact
Influenced Bolshevik political authority and opposition.
105
NEP
New Economic Policy; ended grain requisitioning.
106
Black Armies
Anarchist groups opposing Bolshevik control.
107
Bolshevik Offensive
1918 attack towards Poland to spread revolution.
108
Far Eastern Republic
Buffer state created between Japan and Russia.
109
Azerbaijan Invasion
Bolsheviks seized oil reserves in April 1920.
110
Polish-Ukrainian Alliance
Coalition against Bolsheviks in April 1920.
111
Polish Independence
Confirmed by peace with Bolsheviks, 1920.
112
Baltic States
Recognized independence by Bolsheviks post-WWI.
113
Mensheviks
Opposition party during the Russian Civil War.
114
Stalin's Role
Oversaw brutal suppression in Georgia, 1922.
115
USSR Constitution
Established in 1922, minimal practical changes.
116
Power Vacuum
Leadership uncertainty following Lenin's death, 1924.
117
Trotsky's Opposition
Argued for internal party democracy and debate.
118
Permanent Revolution
Trotsky's theory for continuous global communist uprisings.
119
Triumvirate
Alliance of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Stalin against Trotsky.
120
12th Party Congress
New Central Committee elected, few Trotsky supporters.
121
Lenin's Funeral
Stalin manipulated Trotsky's absence for power.
122
Lenin's Testament
Document criticizing party leaders, released posthumously.
123
14th Party Congress
Stalin's popularity surged, Bukharin supported.
124
United Opposition
Coalition of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Trotsky against Stalin.
125
Factionalism
Accusation used by Stalin against his opponents.
126
Trotsky's Deportation
Exiled near Chinese border after opposition defeat.
127
Stalin's Economic Strategy
Left-leaning policies diverging from Bukharin's approach.
128
Kirov's Leadership
Stalin's supporter who replaced Zinoviev in Leningrad.
129
Opposition Collapse
Trotsky's supporters dispersed after political defeats.
130
Left-leaning economic strategy
Stalin's economic approach opposing Bukharin's policies.
131
Trotsky's deportation
Trotsky was exiled to Constantinople by Stalin.
132
Pravda
Official newspaper of the Communist Party of the USSR.
133
Politburo
Key decision-making body of the Communist Party.
134
Molotov
Replaced Rykov as Soviet premier, ally of Stalin.
135
One-party state
Political system with only one legal party.
136
Circular flow of power
System ensuring Stalin's dominance through appointments.
137
Central Committee
Ratifies top leaders' appointments in the Party.
138
Party apparatus
Organizational structure implementing Party decisions.
139
Zinoviev and Kamenev
Initially expelled but later readmitted to the Party.
140
Lenin Enrolment
1924 initiative allowing 128,000 new Party members.
141
Nomenklatura
Privileged Party members with power and status.
142
Apparatchiks
Party members implementing orders, lacking creativity.
143
Approved list
Stalin's method for controlling Party Congress delegates.
144
Party Congress
Gathering to elect Central Committee members.
145
Patronage
Stalin's strategy to gain loyalty through job appointments.
146
Execution of dissenters
Fear tactic used by Stalin to maintain control.
147
Authority consolidation
Stalin's strategy to monopolize power by 1928.
148
Party membership increase
Stalin expanded membership for political support.
149
General Secretary
Stalin's position controlling Party appointments and loyalty.
150
Political control
Stalin's method of managing Party and state functions.
151
Meetings frequency
Politburo met less often as Stalin's control grew.
152
Intimidation tactics
Stalin's method of instilling fear during meetings.
153
Trotsky's criticism
Opposition to Stalin's increasing bureaucracy and patronage.
154
Removal from Politburo
Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky ousted from leadership.
155
Party's ideological orthodoxy
Stalin's establishment of a unified Party ideology.
