Lektioner Joe.

Question 1

Complexity?

Answer 1

Leads to increasing uncertinty?? -> climate models are unsure. Needs longer term dev in society.

Question 2

Gaps in knowledge?

Answer 2

Scientific Env. knowledge is uneven around the world, indigenius people are ignored.

Question 3

Globalization?

Answer 3

not good or bad, but disruptive and unpredictible. The consequenses are unequally distributed.

Question 4

Organisations & Management ?

Answer 4

Org have employeed managers and managment to ensure that Org work in a particular way -> to ensure that goals are archived.

Question 5

Governance + EM?

Answer 5

A result of “Hollowing out of the state”, can be a symtom of bad development.
Can be god or bad -> retursystem för pantflaskor, Pantamera mm.
Kan ske genom Lagar eller Frivilliga förändringar.

Question 6

The diffrence between EM & EMS?

Answer 6

Not the same thing!

EM= the leadership actions. What Env. problems we contribute to & Env impact can form strategic goals.

EMS= tools to achive Em.

Question 7

Company narratives & Env problems?

Answer 7

-Villians
-Victims of activists /terroirist
- Hero = Opportunities & problem solving, new niches for customers.

Question 8

Business are?

Answer 8

A major part of economic system. Buy resurses, transform them, sell goods, get profit. We have adopted our way of living to this.

Question 9

Government & real practices of Env sustanability?

Answer 9

Env Ministersare often “junior” departments, at the best the Minister is able to achive a compromise.
- Gov will only persu sustanability to a limited point. Ex: phase out substances vs continuing fosil fuel subsidies.

Question 10

Panarchy Theory?

Answer 10

A model dev. from Ecological perspective. Ecosystem functions & nature need to be better undertod by humans, before making decisions.

Question 11

DM - Disaster Management?

Answer 11

Police, firemen.. Are moving from a specifiv event, to se all (?) disasters as symptoms of a long-term process -> risk society.

Question 12

The 3 R in DM?

Answer 12

Respond
Recovery
Rebulding
= return to normal

Question 13

DM & Natural disasters?

Answer 13

-Cant controll it
-often spontanius cooperation & cordination
- solve crisis & rebild community togehther
- short-term damage

Question 14

DM & Technical disasters?

Answer 14

-loss of control over systems
-afterwards: arguing/pont finger at each other
-profit over people
- damage in long or short term

Question 15

DM & Hybrid disasters?

Answer 15

-combination of natural/tech failures & unusual natural events. (snö + E22)
- Pandemic = global logistics & just in time deleveries = weakneses.

Question 16

Anticipatory Suprise Management?

Answer 16

To avoid being suprised by: Unthinkable circumstances, unexpected events, unknowable impacts.
Solution =
1. Reject rutines
2. Less rigidity in EM
3. Go outside the box etc.

Question 17

The Black Swan?

Answer 17

A methaphor for a rare event, beyond normal expectations.
HOW Firms/networks are organized can diminish the effects of a black swan event.

Question 18

Confirmation bias:

1. Psychological Bias?

Answer 18

Interpretation of evidence in only 1 way, tends for following a pre-concidered idea.
Increases tendency for a further narrow interpretation/tolkning.

Question 19

Confirmation bias:

2. Anomalies?

Answer 19

We tend not to look for anomalies, but should look fornegative instances more, instead of ignoring them.

Question 20

Confirmation bias:

3. Order?

Answer 20

we ipose a order on a series of observations/facts/experiences.
Our ability to do this confirms our belif that we understand. Also, our order maybe not the only explenation.

Question 21

Confirmation bias:

4. Simple explenations?

Answer 21

Looking for simple explenations of “Complexity”, may not be the best explenation.

Question 22

Confirmation bias:

5. Unusual events & Pre-concived ideas?

Answer 22

Anomalies get suboriented, instead of beeinga possibility to reflect/create new understanding on things.

Question 23

Confirmation bias:

6. Black swans?

Answer 23

Individuals & society tends to belive/behave as black Swans dont exists, but we know they do.

Question 24

Making Black Swans “grey”?

Answer 24

Vs not just plan for the expected.
What you dont know, is at least as relevant to decisions, than what you allredy know.

Question 25

3 diffrent kind of Uncertinty & Unknowns?

Answer 25

1. Unknown unknowns = No one is aware of the event.
2. Unknown knowns = we have no knowledge, but others may know, but we dont know the knowledge of others.
3. Extremly small Probability = the likelihood is considered small/low, and its ignored. Was known, but then made “unknown”.

Question 26

Weak signlas?

Answer 26

-People, Org, Networks are drowning in signals/noises, makes it difficult to hear weak signals.
-All weak signals may not be important.
- The point is to be redy to act when noticing a signal not going away/get stronger, and act.

Question 27

GRI & Sustanability reports?

Answer 27

3 diff Standards in reports.
1. GRI1 -Universal: Dokuments, principles, env codes. (green)
2. GRI 2 -Sector : Org + context, structire, policies. (Orange).
3. GRI3 - Topic: spec. info. impacts, dialog with stakeholder/experts, processes etc. (lila)

Question 28

CSR Concepts?

Answer 28

• TBL, Tripple Bottom line (people, Planet, profit)
  -CS, Corporate Sustanability
  -CC, Corporate Citizenship

Question 29

CSR are?

Answer 29

Corporate Social Responsability =
volontary & integrated with org on Social/Ecological concerns, in their business activities.
EX: companies support local sports, arenas, money for infrastructure etc. “Re-invest” in society.

Question 30

A High-Carbon economy?

Answer 30

Politics & groups in the elit, trys to maintain/keep this system..
But started moving from denial to understanding, slowly..

Question 31

3 diffrent climate frames?

Answer 31

1. Gradualism: slow change.
2. Catastrophism: needs a fast change.
3. Denialism: has always been changes in climate & human act don’t affect the system.. planet can’t. Stop human dev. & tech. Are limitations but we can round them with tech. Also ta late to do anything vs BAU.

Question 32

Mitigation?

Answer 32

Actions thats leads to reduction in emission.

Question 33

Adaptation?

Answer 33

Adapting to climate change means taking action to adjust to its present and future impacts. Also, adapting to life in a changing climate – involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate

Question 34

Diffrent climate models?

Answer 34

GCM = Global cirkulation model

RCM = Regional cirkulation model

Question 35

RM, Risk Management are?

Answer 35

The process incl. Risk Assessment and its used with other information (data, costs, economic/social consequences) to make regulatory decisions.

Question 36

Risk Assessment are?

Answer 36

Scientific aspect, including data to describe the form & characteristics of risks, vs harm to nature/env/humans.
-How risky is the situation?

Question 37

EIA, Environmental Impact analysis?

Answer 37

Tracing the relevant physical/ Ecological linkages to Env impact of different projects.

Question 38

CBA - Cost-benefit analysis are a?

Answer 38

Tool used to appraise (bedömma) policies & public projects. Bridges, roads, dams, airports. And their net contribution to social benefits.
-> investment is profitable if ‘‘monetary’’ value exeeds the costs vs social benefits.

Question 39

8. Precautionary Principle?

Answer 39

Action against certain practices, potential for damage & consequences. No scientific proof needed. Ex: Global warming, ozone, new species.

Question 40

Opportunity cost?

Answer 40

Forgone opportunity to do alternative things with money / time / activity.
Is it worth it? = compare to other things you could be doing instead.