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env management > Dransfield Kap 6, 11, 12, 15, 16. > Flashcards

Dransfield Kap 6, 11, 12, 15, 16. Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The advantages of International trade?
A

Choice
Quality
Price
Cant produce it at home
Wider markets
Less enemployment
Wealth for the nation

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2
Q
  1. Defintition of Exports & Imports?
A

E= value of good/service that domestic producers provide to foregin consumers, sold to other countries.

I= value of good/service that domestic customers buy from oversea suppliers/other countries.

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3
Q
  1. Free trade are?
A

When goods / services can flow freely between countries, with no bariers to trade, as taxes, customs, fees etc.

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4
Q
  1. Customs Union?
A

a block of countries establish a common external tariff/tax, with restrictions on imports from outside the customs union.
EX: EU, NAFTA, ASEAN.

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5
Q
  1. Exchange rates?
A

Value of currency = the strengt of the demand for it.

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6
Q
  1. Fixed rates?
A

are fixed against another currency, maintaned by Gov or Central Bank.

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7
Q
  1. Floating rates?
A

Value changes from day to day, diffrent demand & supply for it.

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8
Q
  1. Devaluation?
A

The value is justed by GOV. $$ can be overvalued over time. GOV force the exchange rate down, C:B supply increased quantity of currency to the market = reduce pricing. Can make imports more expensive.

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9
Q
  1. Globalization are?
A

A part of world systems, incl communication, transportm travel, finance, trade, cooperation etc.
Also, a market for foods/services, capital, people.

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10
Q
  1. The World Bank does?
A

Provide assistance to Nations & support them in the process of development. Most countries are members. Nowdays mostly help dev. countries with infra, education, health services, tech support & advicing.

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11
Q
  1. WTO, World Trade Organisation?
A

Are financed by its member states, are a permanent body, handle trade disputes between countries. Oversees multilateral trade agreements & trade related aspects of intellectual property right disputes.

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12
Q
  1. What is Protectionism?
A

when countries protects their industries by carring out anti-competitive practicies that provides barriers and domestic firms with advantages. EX: taxes.

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13
Q
  1. Embargo?
A

complete ban on import of goods from a specific country. Can be used as a carrot in politics, to negotiate etc.

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14
Q
  1. Product standard regulations?
A

countrys can require all goods to meet certain tech/other standards. Imprted goods may not meet this, pga produced for ther own or other markets. EX: CE märkning.

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15
Q
  1. Strategies in business means?
A

through which a company achive its desired ends/goals. EX: become a market leader, increase sales every year osv.

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16
Q
  1. Strategy + Suitability?
    Strategy + Feasability?
A

S = Are apporopiate to the external environment.

F = able to be achived within existing reasources of a firm/org.

17
Q
  1. PEST analysis?
A

Analys of wider environment, whish org operates in.
Analys = Political, Economic, Social, Technological. These environments acts as constraint on choices.

18
Q
  1. The Economic Environment includes?
A

external economic factors that impact on org & desicion making. Whether economy is growing, intrest rates, inflation, exchange rates etc that impact the firm.

19
Q
  1. SLEPT analysis?
A

Social, legal, economic, social, technological.

20
Q
  1. SMART analysis?
A

The vision of an org/firm.
Specific
Meaasurable
Agreed
Realistic
Time related.

E:
R:

Quantitative terms:
-Increase market, in 3 y.
-Turnover at 10% / y.

21
Q
  1. Competetative advantage?
A

to do something better than rivals. May be:
providing product service at lower cost, better service, knowledge, quality etc.

22
Q
  1. PPF, Production Possibility Frontier?
A

shows maximum output of 2 goods/services, that can be produced, given the current level of recources avalible & assuming effeciency in production.

23
Q
  1. Circular flow of Income?
A

Shows the flow between firms & households, in relation to production process.
*Firm produce outputs by hiring “factors” of production (workers). They pay for salary (flow of Income).
*Households then spend income (flow of expenditures) on goods serices sold by firm.

24
Q
  1. Externalties or spillover effects?
A

the secondary effects of activity from a firm. Can be both +/- vs benefits or costs.

Social costs = spillover effects = waste, pollution etc.

25
Q
  1. Carrying Capacity?
A

Maximum equlibrium number that Organism of a spicies can be suported by indefinitly, in a given environment.

26
Q
  1. Futurity?
A

The principle of take a long term view of things. If 1 generation leaves the next one with less wealth than it inherited, then it has made the future worse off.

27
Q
  1. Inter-generational equity?
A

fairness between one generation and the next one.

28
Q
  1. Intra-generational equity?
A

fairness between people living at the same time, vs western - dev. countries.

29
Q
  1. Diffrent types of Benefits?
A

*Private: benefit to a individual/group.
*Social: benefit to society as a whole.
*Net-Social: calculated by taking away all private/social cost from P & S benefits.

30
Q
  1. GNP, Gross national product?
A

measure of thrughput of monetary value of final production. Dont count all deplation of natural recources, cost for waste, or living beyond or means or welfare.

31
Q
  1. Ecological footprints?
A

A technique to translate the ecological impact of human activity & the area required to produce resources consumed and the waste generated / a year.

32
Q
  1. TBL, Tripple Bottom Line modell?
A

People, planet, profit.

Business should focus on: social, economis, Env performances. Sucess is measured in how well it does in each area.

33
Q
  1. Environmental Assessment?
A

to identift demands of the Env in which an org operates and includs imortant economic assessment.

*Opportunitys: situation with a potential to enhance competitive position of org.

*Threats: are diffrent, most common are competition, recession, tecnological problems.
* Requriements: Legal codes, Gov restrictions, laws etc

  • Responsibilities? expectations from stakeholders and social responsibilities.
34
Q
  1. Value chain?
A

the series of activities that makes finiched products more desireble for consumers, vs to sell more goods = profit..
Primary activities: production, deliviery.
Secondary activities: marketing, customer service etc.

35
Q

PESTLE analysis?

A

A macro modell, why a market looks at it does & factors affecting the market. A system of interpendiness.

P: Political: ideologi or influences
E: Economic
S: Social
T: Technologies
L: Legal: guideline in ex laws.
E: Ecological

env management (7 decks)

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