Leishmaniasis Flashcards
1
Q
Explain the life cycle of Leishmaniasis
A
Sand flies bite dogs, humans
- infect during blood meal
- parasite phagocytized by macrophages
- parasite in blood called amastigote
- multiply in skin or organs
- sand flies re-infect if they bite
2
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of VISCERAL Leishmaniasis?
A
Visceral Leishmaniasis:
- Systemic fever, weight loss
- death due to secondary bacterial/viral infection
- opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed
3
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of CUTANEOUS (military) Leishmaniasis?
A
CUTANEOUS:
- chronic skin lesions (possibly ulcerative, single or many)
- heal down the road with scarring
- volcano phase with raised edges
4
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of MUCOSAL Leishmaniasis?
A
MUCOSAL:
-metastatic ulcerative mucosal lesions can develop in mouth or airway
5
Q
How do you diagnose Leishmaniasis?
A
Microscopic biopsy or slides of infectious tissue, looking for amastigotes
- Skin biopsy in cutaneous
- Bone marrow or liver in visceral
- Serum Ab in reference lab
- PCR
6
Q
How do you treat Leishmaniasis?
A
Look up and punt
7
Q
How do you prevent Leishmaniasis?
A
- Reduce sand fly bites (netting, housing, repellents)
- Reduce animal reservoir (wild dogs)
- no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis
8
Q
In what populations is Leishmaniasis most commonly found?
A
Returning military personnel
- Common globally
- Less common in US
