Legislation Flashcards
radiology regulations?
Ionising radiation regulations 1999
Ionising radiation medical exposure regulations 2000
what does IRR 99 do?
protects the public and those who work with radiation
also concerned with equipment
what does IRMER 2000 do?
protects patient exposed to ionising radiation
Internal roles associated with IRMER?
employer referrer practitioner operator radiation protection supervisor RPS
external roles associated with IRR 99?
medical physics expert
radiation protection adviser
what is RPA?
provides employer with advice in relation to IRR 99
examines plans to install new/modified equipment
risk assesment
contingency plans
staff training
QA
must have approp qualifications
MPE?
person holding a science degree or its equivalent who is experienced in the application of physics to the diagnostic/theraputic uses of ionising radiation
provides advice of measurement and optimisation of pt dose
RPA may act as MPE
MPE and RPA appointed in writing
what is RPS?
IRR 99 role ensures compliance with regulations appointed by employer can be dentist/dcp must have approp training
what is the role of the employer?
‘legal person’
legal responsibility - ensures all staff comply
appoint and entitle of duty holders having regard to proper levels of training
written protocols for all medical exposures
referral criteria,diagnostic referrence levels, overexposure
audit and review
role of the referrer?
Regular healthcare professional entitled to refer individual for medical exposure
must perform clinical exam
must provide sufficient clinical info to allow justification
must provide sufficient info for identification of pt
role of practitioner?
registered healthcare professional who takes responsibility for individual medical exposures
entitled by employer
justification of exposure based on info from referrer following exam
what is justification?
any exposure to ionising radiation cannot be carried out until justified
benefit of exam must outweigh the detriment from exposure
what does the justification decision consider?
previous radiographs
question to be answered
risk of radiation from exposure
alternative techniques of investigation
what is the role of the operator?
person who carries out practical aspect of the procedure
usually a number of operators all must be adequately trained
employer must clearly define responsibilities of each operator
how to deal with pregnant pt’s needing a radiograph?
is the radiograph required?
could the routine check be delayed?
reassure and give pt option to delay
lead protection in radiology?
not for dpt
thyroid collars if thyroid in main beam
lead aprons dont protect from internal scatter
who is responsible for IRMER?
responsibility of the department of health
devolved
scotland - controlled by scottish government
what is the IRMER inspectorate’s role?
reports back to government
warrant card
inspection following a period of notice
power to close or serve an improvement notice
rules for controlling radiation to staff?
risk assessment - rev 5 yearly/sooner if new equipment
contingency plans for forseeable incidents
controlled areas
dosimetry if >100 periapicals, >50 dpt’s
rev pregnant staff, ensure foeatal dose
what are local rules?
identify key working instructions to ensure staff exposure limited
employers responsible to provide rules for a controlled area
develop with rpa
ensure staff aware - keep in radiation protection file, consider displaying in each controlled area
local rules should contain at least?
name/contact details of rps
despcription of controlled areas and summary of arrangements for restriction of access
summary of contingency arrangements
dose investigation level
advisable to include what in the local rules?
name/contact details RPA
name of employer
arrangement of personal dosimetry
arrangements for pregnant staff
how does irmer state to control dose to patients?
appropriate employers written procedures protocols for every standard projection for each x ray machine reference doses dose reduction techniques clinical evaluation of images selection criteria
what is selection criteria?
systemically developed statements to assist dcp/pt in making decisions about appropriate healthcare for certain specific clinical circumstances
guidelines are not a rigid constraint, but good practice and can be compared against each individual pt’s needs
