Legacy of the Crusades by 1204

Question 1

Byzantine Empire - AFTERMATH OF THE FOURTH CRUSADE

Answer 1

1) Baldwin of Flanders was elected as Latin Emperor

2) Venetians took Corfu and Crete

3) Geoffrey ruled the Principality of Achaia

Question 2

Legacy of crusading on Byzantium by 1204

Answer 2

1) First Crusade –> led to temporary increase in territory but by the end of the 4th crusade –> had lost territories including Cyprus + Constantinople

2) Animosity towards the west has grew and was evident by 1204

Question 3

Latin West - RELIGIOUS LEGACY

Answer 3

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH GAINS:
1) Increased authority with regard to German church –> e.g. Godfrey of Bouillon left Henry IV’s side in the investiture contest to join crusade
2) Increased prestige –> men were prepared to make huge sacrifices for the church

HOWEVER antisemitism = problem –> 3rd crusade Jews were attacked

Question 4

Latin West - WARFARE AND BETTER TACTICS

Answer 4

Western military tactics improved such as:
1) Siege warfare - Godfrey adapting his siege engines
2) Control - Richard defeating hit and run tactics at Arsuf)
3) Castle design - concentric castles now used

Question 5

Latin west - INCREASED TRADE & KNOWLEDGE

Answer 5

TRADE
- sugar, spices and coffee reached Europeans markets

KNOWLEDGE
- contact with Arabic and Jewish doctors brought the West back into contact with Hippocrates and Galen

Question 6

Muslim Near East - MUSLIM RULERS AFTER SALADIN

Answer 6

Saladin split his empire between his sons –> Al-Afdal gained Damascus, Al-Aziz gained Cairo while Al-Zahir gained Aleppo

Saladin’s brother, Al-Adil instead gained Damascus, Cairo and Aleppo

Conflict with crusaders was low priority –> as the city of Jerusalem was politically and economically of little value

Question 7

Muslim Near East - Jerusalem after the 3rd Crusade

Answer 7

1) The truce with Al-Adil meant peaceful co-existence was possible
2) Lack of manpower was a problem
3) Kings of J were reliant on Military Orders who were focussed on defending castles

Question 8

Legacy of crusading the Muslim Near East

Answer 8

Encouraged the union of Egypt and Syria under Sunni rule, ending Shia control in Cairo

Reintroduced jihad from Nureddin onwards & focusses it on Jerusalem

It had aided Muslim unity by providing a common enemy